Music is widely used to reduce pain in a broad variety of clients and settings. Most studies focus on the pain-reducing effect of musiclistening interventions on patients with acute pain, whereas studies investigating the effect of active therapy (ie, music making) on pain perception in patients with recurrent or chronic pain are rare. This article reviews the findings of a series of previously published studies by our work group, conducted during the past 10 years, using defined music therapy plans in the treatment of outpatients with conditions of recurrent or chronic pain. This review provides evidence that a specific music therapy concept tailored to the demands of the patient might be able to substantially reduce pain frequency and pain intensity in patients with recurrent or chronic pain. However, further studies need to investigate the nature of those beneficial effects and their specificity.