Microchannels based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have received a lot of interest in the microfluidics and biomedical fields over the past forty years. While their applications have been multifarious, a comprehensive literature review focusing on their design, type, and applications is not currently present in the literature. Researchers working on these elements of microchannels will gain targeted knowledge from the current review on microchannels. Due to its advanced properties, flexibility of mass, and small size, microdevice demand has been rising quickly, particularly in industrial applications. The classification of microchannels and their uses are the main focus of this work. These include but are not limited to molding, electroplating, lithography, lab-ona-chip, micromolding, micromachining, micromilling, laser ablation, lithography, microcontact printing (µcp), hot embossing, electrochemical micromachining (EMM), and etching. In addition, numerous hybrid techniques for microchannel manufacturing have been reported. So, in essence, this review offers a range of advancements in microchannel manufacturing. The review also attempts to present a qualitative analysis describing the various methodologies associated with microchannels in terms of their design, shape, and flow regimes for applications such as pressure drop and transfer of heat prediction. Additionally, depending on the precise uses needed, a number of materials, including but not limited to ceramics, silicon, metals, and polymers, are utilized in the manufacture of microchannels. On metallic substrates, polymers such as silicon, glass, and polymeric materials are used. The biomedical industry uses polymeric and glass substrates instead of silicon substrates, which are used for mechanical engineering and electronic applications. In addition to outlining methods for choosing the best kind of microchannel, this paper also suggests important directions for the future.

The capability of temperature variation is essential for cooling industrial operations like transportation such as car and heavy vehicle radiators, electronics devices, petroleum industrial systems, etc. Different methods and fluids are used in the cooling process in industrial systems. The basic fluids are based on temperature, thermal stability, and the effectiveness of heat transmission. Thermal characteristics improve when nanoparticles are added to the basic fluid. Using Al2O3 nanofluid the heat transfer and variation in the temperature at the entrance side and outlet side of the microchannel pipe were studied. Through ANSYS Fluent, a well-defined method for utilizing Al2O3 nanofluids to investigate the impact of various performance optimization factors of nanofluids was performed. The temperature of the nanofluids at the inlet and outlet is found 300 K and 313.7 K, respectively during the simulation. The pressure drops from the inlet side to the outlet side as well a result that raising the temperature, heat coefficient, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of the base fluids when Al2O3 nanoparticles are added.

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During the operation of lithium-ion batteries, unexpected heat could be generated, which reduces the energy storage capacity as well as the longevity of the batteries. A unique cooling strategy involving an oscillating heat pipe is suggested as a solution to this study. The cooling channel is mounted on the outside of the battery module since electric vehicles have a little amount of space. This work used ANSYS/Fluent to build a lithium-ion battery model for a rectangular cell and evaluate its performance using the cooling system on the battery cell. The heat generated in the flow direction was absorbed by air-fluid throughout the cooling process, which decreased the cooling capacity. The temperature downstream is therefore always higher than the temperature upstream. In this process, the temperature varies from 288 K to 292 K. . In this study, the temperature of the battery rises quickly in the absence of a cooling system while rising gradually in the presence of one. As a result, the cooling system helped to provide a better outcome.

Due to the consideration of less angle of attack in the Airfoil, the previous studies didn't achieve accurate results on velocity and pressure of air fluid. Also, previous studies haven't taken into account both the coefficients of drag and lift forces at the same time. In this study, first-time we used the NACA 4412 (national advisory committee for aeronautics 4412) Airfoil because of its availability, lightweight, and flat bottom surface which prevents negative ground effects. Here the NACA 4412 Airfoil surface characteristics were studied through ANSYS Fluent laminar flow analysis as well as pressure-based ANSYS fluent solver. When we increased the angle of attack from 0º to 18º the coefficients of lift and drag forces increase gradually, which impacts the values of the velocity of the upper surface and pressure of the lower surface in the air-fluid. The coefficient of lift and drag forces on the airfoil's surface were 0.44 and 0.5, while the velocity and pressure at the surface are 80.5354 ms -1 and 2.12 × 10 3 Pa respectively at a 16º angle.