Aging disrupts white matter integrity, and so does continuous elevated blood pressure that accompanies hypertension (HTN). Yet, our understanding of the interrelationship between these factors is still limited. The study aimed at evaluating patterns of changes in diffusion parameters (as assessed by quantitative diffusion fiber tracking – qDTI) following both aging, and hypertension, as well as the nature of their linkage. 146 participants took part in the study: the control group ( N = 61) and the patients with hypertension ( N = 85), and were divided into three age subgroups (25–47, 48–56, 57–71 years). qDTI was used to calculate the values of fractional anisotropy, mean, radial and axial diffusivity in 20 main tracts of the brain. The effects of factors (aging and hypertension) on diffusion parameters of tracts were tested with a two-way ANOVA. In the right hemisphere there was no clear effect of the HTN, nor an interaction between the factors, though some age-related effects were observed. Contrary, in the left hemisphere both aging and hypertension contributed to the white matter decline, following a functional pattern. In the projection pathways and the fornix, HTN and aging played part independent of each other, whereas in association fibers and the corpus callosum if the hypertension effect was significant, an interaction was observed. HTN patients manifested faster decline of diffusion parameters but also reached a plateau earlier, with highest between-group differences noted in the middle-aged subgroup. Healthy and hypertensive participants have different brain aging patterns. The HTN is associated with acceleration of white matter integrity decline, observed mainly in association fibers of the left hemisphere.

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The furosemide pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers and in patients with renal insufficiency and hepatic cirrhosis is presented. On the average, 70 %of the oral furosemide dose is absorbed. The drug is 97.6 %bound to plasma albumins.The unbound fraction of the drug rapidly increases with albumin concentration below 2 gm per 100 m!. The half-life of furosemide ranges from 0.33 to 1.17 hours in healthy subjects, and from 4.9 to 9.7 hours in patients with advanced renal failure. In uremic patients with liver cirrhosis the elimination half-life is prolonged to more than 10 hours. Non renal clearance offurosemide is not affected by uremia; in uremic patients without liver disease about 60 to 98 %of intravenously administered dose of furosemide is excreted with bile within 24 hours. Only about 10 %of the drug is eliminated from the body during hemodialysis. The diuretic effect of furosemide is closely related to creatinine clearance: no effect in anuric cases, moderate effect if creatinine clearance is lower than 10 ml/min, and marked effect if creatinine clearance is higher than 10 ml/min 4-chloro-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid is the only furosemide metabolite known so far. This metabolite is 1/4 as potent diuretic as the parent substance.

We organized 10Kin1day, a pop-up scientific event with the goal to bring together neuroimaging groups from around the world to jointly analyze 10,000+ existing MRI connectivity datasets during a 3-day workshop. In this report, we describe the motivation and principles of 10Kin1day, together with a public release of 8,000+ MRI connectome maps of the human brain.