Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in the general community. Depression is accompanied with the highest suicide risk. 3 % to 4 % of all depressives die by suicide even today. Suicide prevention is an important part of diagnostics, therapy, the long-term treatment, and care of depressed patients. Psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological aspects must be included.
Depressive or psychotic symptoms are a well known side-effect of interferon alpha (INF-alpha). Therefore, the questions arises whether a chronic psychosis should be considered a contraindication for the treatment of active hepatitis C with INF-alpha. We report on a 38-year-old woman with a chronic schizophrenic psychosis, who acquired chronic aggressive hepatitis C. Considering the young age of the woman, the potential risk of developing a hepatocellular carcinoma and the result of the liver biopsy, treatment with interferon alpha 2 b (3x5 million IU/week) was started. The patient was seen three times a week, her psychiatric condition was monitored using the positive and negative symptoms score (PANSS). No signs of psychotic or depressive symptoms appeared during INF-alpha therapy. During the first 6 months the liver enzymes dropped slowly but the virus load was increasing. After adding ribavirin to the therapy, the liver enzymes dropped again, and the PCR carried out 9 months after initiation and 6 months after the end of the 12 months INF-alpha treatment did not detect any virus RNA. This positive result should encourage prospective studies including patients with these two diagnoses on whether patients benefit from INF-alpha.
Einleitung Die meisten Studien zum Patientensuizid während stationärer und teilstationärer psychiatrischer Behandlung haben schizo− phren kranke Patienten ± vor allem männlichen Geschlechtes mit paranoid−halluzinatorischer Symptomatik und jeweils guten Remissionsraten, jedoch kurzfristiger Wiederaufnahme und re− zidivierendem Verlauf ± als Hochrisikogruppe für den sog. Kli− nik− oder Patientensuizid beschrieben [1 ± 7]. Walsh u. Mitarb. [8] haben die Prävalenz von Suizidversuchen in der 2−Jahresstu− die bei chronisch Psychosekranken mit 20 % angegeben. In der Chesnut−Lodge−Studie bei Patienten mit schizophrenia spectrum disorders [9] fanden sich 6,7 % Suizide, 23 % Suizidversuche sowie 39,3 % Suizidideen in einer Langzeitkatamnese von 19 Jahren, wobei 46 % der Patienten mit Suizidideen später dann durch Sui− zid verstarben. Das Lebenszeitsuizidrisiko dieser Gruppe wird neuerdings mit 4,9 % [10] bzw. 0,3 % ± 5,0 % [11] angegeben. Nach B. Schneider [12] litten 19 % aller Suizidopfer an einer Erkran− kung aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis in Studien zur Le− benszeitsuizidmortalität von Kohorten. Bis heute ist diese Risi− kogruppe unzureichend betrachtet, was auch mit dem Problem der Erfassung von Suizidalität bei dieser Patientengruppe bei Aufnahme in stationäre psychiatrische Behandlung bzw. im Krankheitsverlauf zu tun hat. Nachfolgend sind einige Ergebnis− se zusammengefasst. Ergebnisse der Kliniksuizidforschung bei schizophrenen Patienten In der Untersuchung des englischen Gesundheitsministeriums [13] findet man an erster Stelle der Suizidenten, die in den letz− ten 12 Monaten vor ihrem Suizid Kontakt mit dem psychiatri− schen Versorgungssystem hatten, die affektiven Erkrankungen mit 42 %, gefolgt an 2. Stelle von 20 % Schizophrenie und anderen wahnhafte Störungen. Dabei waren 16 % der Patienten zum Zeit− Zusammenfassung Schizophren kranke Patienten gelten als Hochrisikogruppe für einen Suizid während stationärer psychiatrisch−psychothera− peutischer Behandlung. Einige Ergebnisse aus der Kliniksuizid− forschung werden kommentiert. Schlüsselwörter Kliniksuizid´Schizophrenie´Leidensdruck Abstract Schizophrenic in−patients are very well known as a high risk group for in−patient suicide during hospital treatment. Some re− sults coming from hospital suicide research are discussed. Key words In−patient suicide´schizophrenia´hopelessness Originalarbeit S46 Heruntergeladen von: Universite Laval. Urheberrechtlich geschützt.
In an open trial, a combination therapy with 300 mg moclobemide was instituted after adjustment to a classical tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressant in a group of 23 previously therapy-resistant depressive inpatients (pretreatment with two biochemically different antidepressants over a period of at least 5 weeks with sufficient doses). In 13 patients (53.9%) a significant improvement on the Hamilton Depression Scale (24-item version) of at least 50% was achieved. The improvement in the BPRS was also significant. On the basis of the present findings, a combination therapy with the reversible MAO-inhibitor moclobemide represents an efficacious regimen for therapy-resistant depressions, with low side-effects. After this pilot study, further controlled studies are necessary.
In an open pilot study of 21 therapy-resistant depressive inpatients, plasma levels of antidepressants were determined during treatment with a combination of moclobemide/ trimipramine (n = 15) and moclobemide/maprotiline (n = 6). After combined administration of trimipramine and moclobemide (MCB), a significant increase in the plasma level of trimipramine (39%) was observed. After combination of maprotiline with moclobemide, maprotiline levels were increased (25%, n.s.). The results show that moclobemide, as an inhibitor of isoenzymes of the cytochrome P 450 oxidase, can cause increases in the plasma levels of tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants. No correlation between the serum level of the antidepressants and treatment outcome was found in this open study.
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