A novel theory of consciousness is proposed in this paper. We postulate that consciousness is intrinsically connected to quantum spin since the latter is the origin of quantum effects in both Bohm and Hestenes quantum formulism and a fundamental quantum process associated with the structure of space-time. That is, spin is the "mind-pixel". The unity of mind is achieved by entanglement of the mind-pixels. Applying these ideas to the particular structures and dynamics of the brain, we theorize that human brain works as follows: through action potential modulated nuclear spin interactions and paramagnetic O2/NO driven activations, the nuclear spins inside neural membranes and proteins form various entangled quantum states some of which survive decoherence through quantum Zeno effects or in decoherence-free subspaces and then collapse contextually via irreversible and non-computable means producing consciousness and, in turn, the collective spin dynamics associated with said collapses have effects through spin chemistry on classical neural activities thus influencing the neural networks of the brain. Our proposal calls for extension of associative encoding of neural memories to the dynamical structures of neural membranes and proteins. Thus, according our theory, the nuclear spin ensembles are the "mind-screen" with nuclear spins as its pixels, the neural membranes and proteins are the mind-screen and memory matrices, and the biologically available paramagnetic species such as O2 and NO are pixel-activating agents. Together, they form the neural substrates of consciousness. We also present supporting evidence and make important predictions. We stress that our theory is experimentally verifiable with present technologies. Further, experimental realizations of intra-/inter-molecular nuclear spin coherence and entanglement, macroscopic entanglement of spin ensembles and NMR quantum computation, all in room temperatures, strongly suggest the possibility of a spin-mediated mind.

We studied the usefulness of p63 and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) immunostains for differentiating poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC) from small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). We used monoclonal antibodies reactive to p63 or TTF-1 to stain 4-microns-thick sections from 30 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung biopsy and resection specimens and 7 alcohol-fixed, formalin-postfixed, paraffin-embedded cell blocks from lung fine-needle aspirations (FNAs). For p63, we used a streptavidin-biotin kit, diaminobenzidine as the chromogen, and a hematoxylin counterstain. We used automated immunostaining for TTF-1. The 37 cases included 23 SCLCs, 13 PDSCCs, and 1 carcinoma initially diagnosed as PDSCC. All 23 SCLCs were negative or, rarely, equivocal for p63; 20 (87%) of 23 were TTF-1+; nuclear staining ranged from strong and/or frequent to weak and/or uncommon. All 13 PDSCCs were TTF-1-/p63+ with intense staining of 50% to 100% of tumor cells. One case originally diagnosed as PDSCC was TTF-1+/p63-, suggestive of SCLC; after morphologic reexamination and immunostaining for neuroendocrine markers, it was reclassified as intermediate-type SCLC. TTF-1 immunostaining showed equal or increased sensitivity in alcohol-fixed cytologic cell block samples compared with formalin-fixed biopsy material; in 1 SCLC case, the biopsy specimen was TTF-1-; however, the FNA cell block stained positively. p63 and TTF-1 appear to be useful for differentiating SCLC from lung PDSCC in formalin-fixed and alcohol-fixed, formalin-postfixed material.

Many experiments have shown that quantum entanglement is physically real. In this article, we will discuss its ontological origin/nature, implications and potential applications by thinking outside the standard interpretations of quantum mechanics. We argue that quantum entanglement originates from the primordial spin processes in non-spatial and non-temporal pre-spacetime, implies genuine interconnectedness and inseparableness of once interacting quantum entities, play vital roles in biology and consciousness and, once better understood and harnessed, has far-reaching consequences and applications in many fields such as medicine and neuroscience. Then, we will recall our journey into the field of consciousness studies and the inception and development of the spin-mediated consciousness theory. (Arnesen, et al, 2001; Ghost et al, 2003& Julsgaard et al, 2001. Indeed, it is currently the most intensely studied subject in physics. Further, speculations abound as to its nature and implications (See, e.g., Clarke, 2004, Josephson, 1991& Radin, 2004. There are many general and technical papers written on the subject. So cutting to the chase, we shall immediately outline our propositions on the subject and then discuss each in some detail with references to existing literature whenever possible. Readers are advised that our propositions are outside the mainstream physics. Later in this article, we shall recall our journey into the field of consciousness studies and the inception and development of the spin-mediated consciousness theory. In memory of Thomas JeffersonThe following are our propositions about the ontological origin/nature, implications and potential applications of quantum entanglement:1. It originates from the primordial spin processes in non-spatial and non-temporal pre-spacetime. It is the quantum "glue" holding once interacting quantum entities together in pre-spacetime, implies genuine interconnectedness and inseparableness of the said quantum entities and can be directly sensed and utilized by the entangled quantum entities. 2. Thus, it affects chemical/biochemical reactions, other physical processes and microand macroscopic properties of all forms of matters as already shown by some authors in the latter case. It plays vital roles in many biological processes and consciousness. It is the genuine cause of many so called anomalous effects (if they do exist) in parapsychology, alternative medicine and other fields as some authors have already suspected in some cases 3. Further, it can be harnessed, tamed and developed into revolutionary technologies to serve the mankind in many areas such as health, medicine and even recreation besides the already emerging fields of quantum computation and communications.

This device reliably divides pulmonary vessels 4 mm and smaller, typically encountered in pig lobectomies. Higher power settings and operator experience may increase effectiveness. Further testing is necessary to delineate the device's limitations before potential use in human pulmonary vasculature.

Previously we carried out experiments from the perspective of our spin-mediated consciousness theory to test the possibility of quantum-entangling the quantum entities inside the brain with those of an external chemical substance. We found that applying magnetic pulses to the brain when an anesthetic was placed in between caused the brain to feel the effect of said anesthetic as if the test subject had actually inhaled the same. We further found that drinking water exposed to magnetic pulses, laser light or microwave when an anesthetic was placed in between also causes brain effects in various degrees. Through additional experiments, we verified that the said brain effect was indeed the consequence of quantum entanglement. These results defy common belief that quantum entanglement alone cannot be used to transmit information and support the possibility of a quantum brain. While our reported results are under independent verifications by other groups, we report here our experimental findings of non-local chemical, thermal and gravitational effects in simple physical systems such as reservoirs of water quantum-entangled with water being manipulated in a remote reservoir. With the aids of high-precision instruments, we have found that the pH value, temperature and gravity of a liquid such as water in the detecting reservoirs can be non-locally affected through manipulating water in the remote reservoir. In particular, the pH value changes in the same direction as that being manipulated; the temperature can change against that of local environment; and the gravity can change against local gravity. These non-local effects are all reproducible, surprisingly robust and support a quantum brain theory such as our spin mediated consciousness theory. They can be used for non-local signaling and many other purposes. We suggest that they are mediated by quantum entanglement between nuclear and/or electron spins in the treated liquids and discuss the profound implications of these results.Key Words: quantum entanglement, non-local effect, gravity, pH, temperature, quantum brain, spin-mediated consciousness. (see, e.g., Tegmark, 2000). Thus, to gain credibility and make real progress any serious attempt at a quantum brain theory should start with a theoretically plausible hypthothesis and then move to experimental work instead of endless armchair debates and speculations, that is, we suggest that "one puts his money where his mouth is." Further, scientific methods dictate that a hypothesis should only achieve legitimacy if it is experimentally verified. Thus, since the summer of 2004 to the present, we have mainly focused our efforts on the experimental verifications of our spin-mediated consciousness theory (Hu & Wu, 2002, 2004.Scientific methods also require that one conform one's knowledge of nature to repeatable observations. Thus, it is unscientific to reject what's observed repeatedly and consistently. With this in mind, we comment that quantum entanglement has been recently shown to be physically real in many l...