Introduction. Winter wheat is the main food crop grown in all soil and climatic zones of Ukraine. Harmful organisms are among the many factors that affect its yield. Under the steppe conditions, smut diseases, root rot, powdery mildew, septoriosis, orange leaf rust, various types of weeds, cereal aphids, wheat thrips, chinch bugs and others are hazardous. They lead to a significant loss of crop yield and cause deterioration in its quality [3]. Considering the foregoing, there is a need to study the effectiveness of comprehensive measures for the protection of winter wheat crops against diseases, pests and weeds. Analysis of recent research findings and publications. In many countries of the world, various aspects of winter wheat protection against harmful organisms are being investigated. In Ukraine, in particular, the application of herbicides Estrone, Grantar gold, Esteron + Puma super provided the highest

No abstract

Introduction. Winter wheat is the main food crop grown in all soil and climatic zones of Ukraine. Harmful organisms are among the many factors that affect its yield. Under the steppe conditions, smut diseases, root rot, powdery mildew, septoriosis, orange leaf rust, various types of weeds, cereal aphids, wheat thrips, chinch bugs and others are hazardous. They lead to a significant loss of crop yield and cause deterioration in its quality [3]. Considering the foregoing, there is a need to study the effectiveness of comprehensive measures for the protection of winter wheat crops against diseases, pests and weeds. Analysis of recent research findings and publications. In many countries of the world, various aspects of winter wheat protection against harmful organisms are being investigated. In Ukraine, in particular, the application of herbicides Estrone, Grantar gold, Esteron + Puma super provided the highest

Karantin i zahist roslin Ìåòà. Âñòàíîâèòè á³îõ³ì³÷í³ çì³íè (âì³ñò ñóõèõ ðå÷îâèí, â³òà-ì³íó Ñ, êðîõìàëþ òà êàðîòèíó) ó áóëüáàõ êàðòîïë³ çà ð³çíîãî ñòóïåíÿ óðàaeåííÿ ãðèáíèìè õâîðîáàìè. Ìåòîäè. Áóëüáè êàðòîïë³ (ñîðòó Áåëëà ðîñà) áóëè â³ä³áðàí³ â óìîâàõ ïðèâàòíîãî ñåêòîðà Áðóñèë³âñüêîãî ðàéîíó AEèòîìèðñüêî¿ îáëàñò³. ijàãíîñòèêó õâîðîá çä³éñíþâàëè ç âèêîðèñòàííÿì â³çóàëüíîãî îö³íþâàííÿ òà ì³êðîñêîï³÷íîãî àíàë³çó ç íàñòóïíîþ ³äåíòèô³êàö³ºþ ïàòîãåí³â. Á³îõ³ì³÷íèé àíàë³ç áóëüá êàðòîïë³ íà âì³ñò ñóõèõ ðå÷îâèí, â³òàì³íó Ñ, êðîõìàëþ òà êàðîòèíó ïðîâàäèëè çà çàãàëüíîïðèéíÿòèìè ìåòîäèêàìè ²íñòèòóòó êàðòîïëÿðñòâà ÍÀÀÍ. Ðåçóëüòàòè äîñë³äaeåíü. Ô³òîïàòî-ëîã³÷íîþ åêñïåðòèçîþ áóëüá êàðòîï-ë³ ï³ä ÷àñ çáåð³ãàííÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ â³çóàëüíî¿ ä³àãíîñòèêè òà ì³êðîñêî-ï³÷íîãî àíàë³çó âèÿâëåíî íàñòóïí³ ãðèáí³ õâîðîáè: ãíèë³ -ñóõó ôóçàð³îçíó, ôîìîçíó, á³ëó, ñ³ðó òà âåðòèöèëüîçíó; ïàðøó -çâè÷àéíó ³ ÷îðíó àáî ðèçîêòîí³îç. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî á³îõ³ì³÷í³ ïîêàçíèêè ó áóëüáàõ êàð-òîïë³ ç ð³çíèì ñòóïåíåì óðàaeåííÿ â³äð³çíÿþòüñÿ. Âì³ñò ñóõèõ ðå÷îâèí ó çäîðîâèõ áóëüáàõ êàðòîïë³ ñòàíîâèâ 21,0%, òîä³ ÿê ó ñèëüíî óðàaeåíèõ ôóçàð³îçîì -14,5%, ôîìîçîì -13,9%, çâè÷àéíîþ ïàðøåþ -18,2%; ðèçîêòîí³îçîì -15,6%. Êðîõìàëþ ó çäîðîâèõ áóëüáàõ áóëî 15,4%, à çà ñèëüíîãî óðàaeåííÿ ôóçàð³îçîì -7,5%, ôîìîçîì -6,9%, çâè÷àéíîþ ïàðøåþ -11,2%, ðèçîêòîí³îçîì -9,8%. Âì³ñò â³òàì³íó Ñ ó çäîðîâèõ áóëüáàõ ñòàíîâèâ -0,17%, à çà ñèëüíîãî óðàaeåííÿ ôóçàð³îçîì -0,12%, ôîìîçîì -0,12%, çâè÷àéíîþ ïàðøåþ -0,12%, ðèçîêòîí³îçîì -0,12%. Á³îõ³ì³÷í³ ïîêàçíèêè êàðîòèíó ó çäîðîâèõ áóëüáàõ ñòàíîâèëè 0,18%, à çà ñèëüíîãî óðàaeåííÿ ôóçàð³îçîì -0,09%, ôîìîçîì -0,06%, çâè÷àéíîþ ïàðøåþ -0,11%, ðèçîêòîí³îçîì -0,10%. Âèñíîâêè. Ó áóëüáàõ êàðòîïë³ ç ð³çíèì ñòóïåíåì óðàaeåííÿ ãðèáíèìè õâîðîáàìè çìåíøóºòüñÿ âì³ñò ñóõèõ ðå÷îâèí, êðîõìàëþ, â³òàì³íó Ñ òà êàðîòèíó, ùî ïîã³ðøóº ¿õíþ ÿê³ñòü. áóëüáè êàðòîïë³, øê³äëèâ³ñòü, á³î õ³ì³÷í³ çì³íè, ôóçàð³îç, ôîìîç, çâè÷àéíà ïàðøà, ðèçîêòîí³îç, á³ëà ãíèëü, ñ³ðà ãíèëü, âåðòèöèëüîçíà ãíèëü

Micromycetes that colonise soybean seeds reduce their sowing quality, causing loss of germination, rotting and death of seedlings, and the appearance of diseases on young plants. Infection-free seed is one of the factors that ensure crop growth. Therefore, the study of mycobiota of seeds is relevant for the implementation of preventive disease control measures. The purpose of this study was to identify phytopathogenic fungi that colonise soybean seeds and to establish their species composition. The seed samples were selected in the conditions of the Ukrainian Scientific Plant Quarantine Research Station (Chernivtsi Oblast) of the Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences during 2019-2021. Mycological studies of soybean seeds were performed in the scientific laboratory of the Department of Phytopathology of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine using the biological method from subsequent morphological and microscopic analysis of pathogens. It was established that the species composition of mycobiota of soybean seeds is diverse and is represented by 17 species: Reronospora manshurica (Naum.) Syd. (downy mildew pathogen), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum de Bary (white mold pathogen), Botryotinia fuckeliana Whetzel. (grey mold pathogen), Diaporthe sp. (Phomopsis pathogen); pathogens of fusariosis are Fusarium okhusporum (Schl.), Snyd. et Hans., Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, Fusarium gibbosum App. et Wr., Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc.; Alternaria alternata (Fries: Fries) Keissler (Alternaria pathogen), Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) G.A. de Vries (cladosporiosis pathogen), Colletotrichum sp. (anthracnose pathogen); pathogens of various moulds – Aspergillus niger van Tiegh., Aspergillus flavus Link, Trichothecium roseum Link ex Friet Fries, Mucor mucedo Fres. amend. Bref., Penicillium expansum Link and Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb. The dominant species were C. cladosporioides and A. alternata, their frequency of occurrence was in the range of 28.5-47.8%. The obtained data on the symptoms of mycosis of soybean seeds, the species composition of pathogens and their frequency of occurrence are of practical importance for the diagnosis of diseases, the identification of pathogens and the implementation of preventive therapeutic control measures