Aim. To analyze the change over time in the mortality level, mortality reasons and age and sex related features in urban population of elderly (elder than 60 years) people in 2001-2010 using the data of Republican medical informational and analytical centre of the Healthcare Ministry of the Republic of Tatarstan. Methods. Logical and systemic analysis, statistical grouping, comparative method were used. Results. During the studied period, men had 1.5 times higher level of mortality compared to women. There was an 4.7% increase in overall mortality rate (males - 4.6%, females - 5.1%). The leading reason for death were cardiovascular diseases, with malignancies and external factors on the second and third place. Since 2008, respiratopy diseases had occupied the third position for the leading reasons for death in men, gastrointestinal diseases - in women. The increase in overall mortality rate was due to people over 80 years, there was a reliable trend for mortality rate reduction in other groups. The mortality associated with gastrointestinal diseases has increased. Conclusion. The observed mortality trends require to draw a special attention to the problems of the oldest population; more detailed analysis, detection of the exact reasons and efforts to decrease the mortality associated with gastrointestinal (in men) and respiratory (in women) diseases are the principal tasks.

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The second half of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century is rightly named «The Golden Age of Russian science». At this time, scientific schools in Russia, including Kazan Emperor’s University and its medical faculty, established at May 14, 1814, were uprising. On the eve of 200-year jubilee of Kazan State Medical University the study of cooperation between Kazan medical scientific schools with medical scientific societies is of major importance. Their shared impact in public healthcare development is the subject of the article. The first medical scientific society established in 1868 was the society of Kazan doctors. Its history can be divided to 3 periods. The first period - 1868 to 1875 - is the establishment of the society as an independent scientific institution. The second - 1877 to 1917 - is the activity affiliated with Kazan University. The third - 1917 to 1931 - activities during the Soviet era, associated with establishment of a novel healthcare system. After the first Russian revolution (1905-1907) the process of creating specialized medical scientific societies, intimately connected to the appropriate medical scientific schools, has started. In 1931, the society of Kazan doctors was reorganized into the Regional association of medical scientific societies. Together with the society of Kazan doctors, there were: a society of natural scientists in Kazan University (1869), Kazan society of military medicine and sanitation (1886), Kazan branch of the Russian society of the healthcare (1880), Kazan society for fighting with children’s mortality and infective diseases (1909), League for fighting tuberculosis (1912) and sexually transmitted diseases (1918), also making an impact in developing medicine and healthcare. Independent medical scientific societies are created in the thirties of the XX century. Kazan medical scientific societies had a great impact in healthcare development in the XIX-XX centuries and promoted the development of Kazan medical scientific schools. Medical faculty of Kazan Emperor’s University, Kazan State Medical Institute and Kazan State Medical University played a great role in foundation and development of medical scientific societies in the Republic of Tatarstan.

Aim. Conduct a questionnaire survey of in private clinic patients to study the problems of ophthalmologic aid quality. Methods. The survey included 108 patients who filled in a specially designed questionnaire. Typological and variation analysis was performed, relative and mean statistical values were calculated; statistical significance of revealed differences was checked. Results. When choosing a private clinic, young people often rely on advertising, while the older patients - on the opinion of relatives and friends. Patients seek for paid services because they believe in a higher healthcare, with 59.3% of respondents believe that the quality of care is improved if they pay. Services of paid clinics are quite affordable for the majority of the interviewed patients (proposed service cost is moderate, transport accessibility, travelling time and admission queue time are quite acceptable). Generally, consumers gave a positive assessment of the clinic staff and its activities as a whole: the relationship with the doctor was characterized as trustful, attentive and respectful, involving a complete understanding of patient’s problems by the medical staff. Most respondents (92.6%) find their physician a specialist of high qualification. The main reasons for dissatisfaction with paid medical services are discrepancy between price and quality, low treatment effect, which is closely coupled with the staff competence and incorrect behavior of health workers. Conclusion. The conducted survey showed high satisfaction with medical services provided in a private clinic.

Aim. To illustrate the role of pediatric education in establishing the public health care system for children. Methods. Historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods were used. Results. Pediatrics in the second half of the nineteenth century was formed as an independent science and the subject of teaching, Departments of childhood diseases were opened in Russian universities. Among the factors that contributed to the formation of the state system of pediatric care, was a critical situation in the children healthcare of the Russian Empire and the high level of children mortality. In the early twentieth century, medical and social measures to solve this problem were introduced in the country. Immediately after the October Revolution, the construction of the Soviet system of motherhood and childhood protection started. Basics of creating pediatric education in Russia are connected with the establishment of the Faculty of maternal, infant and child health at the Second Moscow Medical Institute in 1930 and the Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute in 1935, which were World’s pioneers in pediatric training. Pediatric faculty of the Kazan State Medical University opened in 1933. In 80-s of the twentieth century, pediatricians were prepared by 57 pediatric faculties all over the Soviet Union. Conclusion. Due to the large and fruitful work of graduates of pediatric faculties, there was a significant improvement in children health, manifested primarily as the significant decrease in infant mortality.