The key position of grain farming and livestock in the South of Russia in the economic sphere is due to the fact that it can be the main factor in ensuring food security and the main condition for the sustainable development of agriculture and the agro-industrial sector as a means of using soil, climatic, orographic and conditions of the land use effectively. These factors make it possible to consider an increase in grain and livestock production for the market a strategic task for the region, and first of all, as an indicator of the most efficient use of the natural resource potential of the territory. An analytical study is conducted on the database management of two multi-parameter systems, the environment and the crop and livestock production state on the basis of reports and statistical materials. The analysis of the current industries state is aimed at identifying decision-making methods for managing agricultural land productivity based on agro-ecological and landscape zoning of the territory of an agribusiness. Currently, there are conditions when it is necessary to switch to a new scientifically based model of the spatial business organization. This will allow implementing the strategy of environmentally adaptive intensification of crop and livestock production. This approach is based on the identification of seven agro-ecological groups of lands and the placement of field, forage and soil-protection crop rotations on them, taking into account the proposed model of the soil-protective complex, reducing the manifestation of water and wind erosion. Such an approach in the use of the territory of an agribusiness will correspond to the grain and livestock specialization of the third agricultural zone of the Stavropol region.

The study was conducted between 2018 and 2020 in the arid zone of Stavropol Territory to determine the yields of different varieties of winter wheat cultivated using direct seeding technology, based on weather and climatic changes. The work was carried out on the basis of «Agrokhleboprodukt» JSC agricultural enterprise. The precursors were sunflower, chickpea; soft winter wheat varieties - Zustrich (st.), Bagira and Bagrat. It was found that growth, development and productivity of winter wheat depended on abnormal weather-climatic conditions. It was noted that annual average rainfall tended to decrease while annual average temperature and vegetation index NDVI tended to increase. The average variation of indicators for sprouting of different varieties and precursors was 9 %. The seedlings emerged 19-20 days after sowing. The rates of variation reflected the high heterogeneity in plant development in all phases. The variation of sprouting density was homogeneous in all varieties and precursors. Reduction of the index was observed from the phase of sprouting to earing and for all the precursors. Winter wheat yields were 3.01-4.50 t/ha for sunflowers and 3.26-4.68 t/ha for chickpeas. The variety Bagrat showed the best results for chickpeas and the variety Zustrich for sunflowers.

Winter wheat is the main crop in the Stavropol Territory. Today, the grain crops cover an area of more than 1.9 million hectares. However, the cost of grain production is constantly growing. This leads to a decrease in the profitability of its cultivation. Agricultural field cultivation enterprises are moving from traditional to more resource-saving technologies - technology without tillage. This technology involves growing crops without tillage. In the Stavropol Territory and its arid zone, the technology has not been sufficiently studied for its widespread introduction into production. In this regard, the cultivation of winter wheat using new technology is of scientific and practical interest to research its influence on the germination of fields and the productivity of the main cash crop. Therefore, special attention is paid to the influence of No-till on the agrophysical and agrochemical parameters of dark chestnut soils and crop rotation links in an arid climate. Research was conducted on the territory of the Agrokhleboprodukt Company, located within the borders of the Stavropol Territory. Sowing winter wheat is carried out using John Deere 1890, which allows sowing crops with the simultaneous supply of seed fertilizer. Agrochemical monitoring of the soil was carried out on the basis of the Stavropol Agrochemical Center. Monitoring of meteorological parameters was stationary in the field. Thus, the use of the No-till technology for 2017-2019 ensured the formation of winter wheat productivity in the range of 40.7-49.8 kg/ha. In order to stabilize the productivity of winter wheat attention should be paid to the dynamics of changes in agrochemical parameters: the content of humus and macronutrients in the soil. Regression analysis showed a close relationship between productivity and these values. The use of such precursors as chickpeas and sunflowers in grain rotations contributes to the softening and improvement of the agrophysical properties of dark chestnut soils.

Programming a high-quality winter wheat crop cultivated using No-till technology is an urgent task for an agricultural producer. The use of No-till technology in soil cultivation in arid climatic conditions of the Pre-Caucasus allows increasing its moisture accumulation. Obtaining a given crop yield is solved not only by ground monitoring and crop control, but also by a system for controlling the production capacity of plants based on remote sensing data of the Earth. Thus, satellite images of various temporal and spatial resolutions provide information on the current state of crops, and field and laboratory studies - on the structural and functional state of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants, which is reflected in crop yields. This combined method makes it possible to have operational information and timely adjust technological operations included in the No-till system for its wider implementation in agricultural production. The research was conducted in 2017-2020 in the arid zone of the Pre-Caucasus on the basis of the agricultural enterprise «Agrokhleboprodukt». Temperature conditions and precipitation were not constant. The average annual precipitation in the territory is 506 mm, the average annual air temperature is 10.1 ° C, and the average annual precipitation is 30.7 mm. During the period under consideration, satellite data confirmed the fact that the values of the vegetation index NDVI grew by an average of 12 % in comparison with the average long-term data. The NDVI index increased from 0.41 to 0.49. At the same time, plant productivity decreased from 4.87 to 3.14 t/ha. The obtained data made it possible to identify a regression relationship between the yield of winter wheat and the vegetation index NDVI (R2 = 0.78) and to predict in 2021 a further decrease in crop productivity (provided that previously identified trends remain) and the need for operational remote and ground control over the state of crops.

Natural resources potential of the territory and natural-historical mechanism of its development are pacing factors in agriculture differentiation and AIC-development. Key branches in the Stavropol Territory are crop production, sheep breeding and meat and milk cattle breeding. To meet the market demands “equating” differentiation of agricultural enterprises is implemented. Thus, in Stavropol Territory crop lands have been increased for crops required in the market that disbalanced the crop rotation, disturbed agro technologies and resulted in reduction in yields and grain quality. In the Territory 70 % of tillage is in risky agriculture. About 65 % of crop production (wheat, barley and others) are in draughty areas where out of 141 years (1861–2002) 41 % draughty, which determine high natural-climatic dependence of grain economy [1]. Annual and areal variability of grain production is also determined by topsoil heterogeneity and variety of relief. At present production of the basic market crop – winter wheat, which takes 75 % of acreage for cereals and leguminous crops, the productivity of the cultivated crop is 22.4–39.5 centner/hectare. It results in top soil changes such as compaction, fertilizer impoverishment and organic matter content (organic matter deficit is 400–700 kg/ha). Intensification of agrarian production results in quicker erosion processes, soil properties decline and lower fertility. The total area of eroded lands in the Territory is 1792000 ha [2]. That is why it is important to develop a new model of the economic use of Stavropol Territory. The main methods of study are analysis of the current status and organization of the agricultural zones of the Territory. The data were preceded with the software Statistica.