Mechanisms associated with interaction of the wheel and the rail in the vertical and horizontal direction are investigated. The noise-generating characteristics and the calculation model of wheels are studied theoretically. An improved railway wheel added with viscoelastic constrained damping layers has been researched out theoretically and experimentally. Design equations and graphs are developed for the geometrical parameter of viscoelastic constrained damping layers used in wheels. Using existing theory, the procedures are developed for predicting the structure loss factor of structural composites with different numbers of constrained damping layers. The structure loss factor of wheels attached with symmetrical three constrained layers is optimally calculated using MATLAB. A number of experiments with pulse excitations in the laboratory are carried out from the number of constrained damping layers, the material of constrained layers, as well as the position added to the wheel. From the experiments, steel is chosen as the material of constrained layer, and rubber with high loss factor and wide temperature range is chosen as the material of elastic layer. Both materials are experimentally measured. The theoretical predictions of the noise reduction effect is compared with the experimental measurements. The results shown that the wheel noise is obviously reduced.