Grain (soya beans, sorghum and maize) samples from Shani and Kwayakusar Local Government Areas, Borno State, Nigeria were collected in agricultural locations for the determination of heavy metals. The levels of heavy metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AA–6800 SHIMADZU). The levels of all the heavy metals studied in all the agricultural locations were higher in the post-harvest grains than in the pre-harvest grains. Results from the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) showed that, there was the possibility of developing cancer related diseases from the consumption of cereal samples from the study area with respect to the 10-4 tolerable limit. The results further suggested that the source of these heavy metals content in the grains samples might be largely as a result of the application of agrochemicals. Hence, consumption of the study cereals from the study area is of health risk with respect to Pb, Cd and As and should be given higher priority by relevant agencies.

This paper draws upon insider accounts of the nature and techniques of corruption in Nigeria. It draws upon unique access to interview 20 senior officials employed in key public agencies in the fight against corruption in Nigeria and access to 20 case files of prosecutions by the Independent Corrupt Practices and other related offences Commission (ICPC). The paper illustrates their perception of the monolith of corruption faced and shows some of the most common types of corruption confronted such as embezzlement, theft and fraud; procurement fraud; favoritism, nepotism and related acts; extortion and bribery. The paper also illustrates the connection between the private and public sector in corruption and some of the differences that emerge in grand and petty corruption.

The study is examining democracy, good governance and development in Nigeria: a survey of Karu Local Area. Social contract theory was used as theoretical framework. The study adopted survey research method; data was collected from the primary and secondary sources. The study reveals that Democracy has enhanced good governance and development for the people in Keffi Local Government. Karu Local Government council to some extent has provided the people of Karu Local Government Area with social amenities like roads, pipe born water, functional hospital, schools and others essential service for the citizens. The study recommends that Elected and Caretaker Management of Karu Local Government Council should consolidate on the effort made so far by the provision of more physical infrastructures like roads, bridges, potable water, telecommunications and public transport to remote villages that are yet to feel the dividends of democracy.

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The study examined the impact of financial regulations on fraud Prevention in Nigeria’s Federal Ministries. It investigates how financial regulations affect fraud prevention in Nigerian federal ministries. Investigating the efficacy of current financial legislation in preventing fraud and protecting public monies is essential given the trend in fraudulent activity reported within government agencies. The study uses a survey research design and relies on documentary analysis to obtain secondary data. The findings revealed that Nigeria’s Federal Ministries tried to adhered to financial regulation which has minimized the incident of fraud. The finding also revealed that maintaining Accounting records has minimized fraud in Nigeria’ Federal Ministries, meaning that, majority of the Ministries in Nigeria have been maintaining proper record of their financial transaction. They adheres with financial regulation which stated that, Accounting Officer on all financial matters shall maintain proper accounting records of books of accounts . The study recommends that Federal Government should strengthen financial regulations. They should enhance  existing financial regulations to address emerging fraud risks. There should be regular review and update of these regulations to ensure they remain effective in combating evolving fraudulent activities. Federal Government should enforce robust internal control systems within federal ministries. This includes segregation of duties, proper authorization, approval processes, regular internal audits, and effective risk management practices. Federal Government should provide comprehensive training programs on fraud prevention and financial regulations to employees within federal ministries. Raise awareness about the consequences of fraudulent activities and the importance of adhering to established financial regulations.