To obtain a new model of chronic portal hypertension in the rat, two classical methods to produce portal hypertension, partial portal vein ligation and the oral administration of thioacetamide (TAA), have been combined. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1 (control; n = 10), 2 [triple partial portal vein ligation (TPVL); n = 9], 3 (TAA; n = 11), and 4 (TPVL plus TAA; n = 9). After 3 months, portal pressure, types of portosystemic collateral circulation, laboratory hepatic function tests (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) and liver histology were studied. The animals belonging to group 2 (TPVL) developed extrahepatic portosystemic collateral circulation, associated with mesenteric venous vasculopathy without hepatic destructurization or portal hypertension. Animals from group 3 (TAA) developed cirrhosis and portal hypertension but not extrahepatic portosystemic collateral circulation, or mesenteric venous vasculopathy. Finally, the animals from group 4 (TPVL + TAA) developed cirrhosis, portal hypertension, portosystemic collateral circulation, and mesenteric venous vasculopathy. The association of TPVL and TAA can be used to obtain a model of chronic portal hypertension in the rat that includes all the alterations that patients with hepatic cirrhosis usually have. This could, therefore, prove to be a useful tool to study the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in these alterations.
Las mujeres son mayoría en todos los niveles de enseñanza; sin embargo, todavía existen diferencias en la elección de determinadas opciones académicas. En el caso de la universidad están infrarrepresentadas en los estudios científico-tecnológicos. Tomando en consideración esta situación, en el artículo realizamos un desarrollo teórico sobre las investigaciones que han analizado la influencia de las creencias de autoeficacia en la elección vocacional de las estudiantes. Estudios realizados en otros países han constatado que esta variable tiene un peso específico muy importante en dicha elección. De modo que aquellas estudiantes que se creen competentes en el dominio científico-tecnológico están más dispuestas a seleccionar carreras de esta rama, trabajan más duramente para completar las actividades con éxito y perseveran cuando se encuentran ante dificultades. Por ello, se indica que las creencias de autoeficacia son una variable relevante para explicar las elecciones académicas y el desarrollo de la carrera de las mujeres.
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