Factores de estrés bióticos y abióticos tienen inf luencia en la biosíntesis de metabolitos secundarios en algunas especies medicinales. En este sentido, se ha reportado que el estrés salino altera las propiedades bioquímicas de un gran número de cultivos. En este contexto, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del tratamiento que dos niveles de NaCl (10 y 47 mM) adicionados a la solución nutritiva, ocasionan en plantas de cempasúchil (Tagetes erecta Linn) var. Inca, en fase de floración. La concentración de carotenoides y f lavonoides fue evaluada en f lores. En hojas, flores, tallos y raíces se realizó identificación de aceites esenciales y se hizo una cuantificación cualitativa de éstos. En hojas, se determinó la concentración de clorofilas a, b y total. La concentración alta de NaCl evaluada, redujo en 26.7 y 27.9% las concentraciones de carotenoides y f lavonoides totales en f lores. Las concentraciones de clorof ilas a y total no fueron afectadas por el nivel de salinidad; mientras que la concentración de clorofila b fue incrementada significativamente con el suministro de 47 mM de NaCl. Se identificaron siete constituyentes esenciales en aceite proveniente de hojas de plantas tratadas con 10 mM NaCl; mientras que solo cuatro, cuando la concentración de NaCl aumentó; por el contrario, un mayor número de compuestos fue identificado en tallos y raíces con 47 mM NaCl. Destaca la presencia de farneseno en f lores, solo con el nivel alto de NaCl suministrado.
Objective: To document and analyze relevant results reported on the relationships kept by the essential elements, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) with biotic stress factors in higher plants. Design/methodology/approach: A bibliographic analysis was carried out using keywords related to the concepts of nutrient relationship with phytopathogens, plant fertilization and nutrition and biotic stress. Subsequently, the most relevant articles on N, P, and K and their relationship with pests and diseases were selected and analyzed. Results: The elements N, P, and K affect the development of pests on plants. Fertilization with N tend to increase the presence of pests, while fertilization with P and K decreases it. However, this cannot be generalized for all crops or pests. Limitations/implications of the study: Research on the effects of N, P, and K on the incidence of phytopathogens is limited and in most cases the mechanisms that determine such relashionship are not described. Findings/conclusions: Fertilization with N causes a higher incidence of pests and diseases in plants, while fertilization with P and K can contribute to reduce their incidence. However, due to the great diversity of responses, these statements are not applicable to all cases and depend on other factors such as the crop and the pest present in the agroecosystem. It is required to carry out studies that make it possible to clarify exactly how these essential elements influence the development of diseases in different crops, and thus be able to make nutrition recommendations in which limiting biotic factors are taken into account.
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