Electrochemical studies on the interaction of Fe(III) with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (omeprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole and rabeprazole) in acetate buffer solution were carried out at gassy carbon electrode (GCE) at various pH (3.5, 4.0 and 4.5). In presence of omeprazole (Ome), the anodic and cathodic peak current for Fe(III) decreased in comparison to solely Fe(III). However, in some cases both the peaks were almost disappeared. Moreover, anodic and cathodic peaks shifted significantly towards negative potential. This is an indication that a strong interaction occurred between Fe(III) and Ome. The maximum interaction is found at 1:2 molar ratio of Fe(III) and Ome at above mentioned pH. The electrochemical interaction of Fe(III) and other PPIs was found as identical with the behavior of Ome. The electrochemical study of the interactions between metal ions and PPIs would provide important information for the technological application of PPIs in human body.Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 64(1): 25-30, 2016 (January)

Proton pump inhibitors are the leading evidence-based therapy for acid related upper gastrointestinal disorders including dyspepsia, GERD and peptic ulcer disease. These are among the most frequently prescribed drugs globally. However, PPIs have been subjected to studies and have been associated with increased risk of adverse effects like Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, community-acquired pneumonia, bone fracture, reduced intestinal absorption of vitamins and minerals, and more recently kidney damage and dementia etc. In this review the recent literature regarding these adverse effects and their association with long-term proton pump inhibitor treatment is discussed. The objective of this review is to analyse the potential adverse effects of long-term PPI use and summarize the clinical implications. We documented a considerable increase in the use of PPIs over the last decade. This increase is due to over-prescription and use of PPIs for inappropriate indications. On the other hand, some patients may have had PPI therapy discontinued abruptly or inappropriately due to safety concerns. However the patients with a proven indication for a PPI should continue to receive it in the lowest effective dose for a shortest possible time. Finally, in most cases and based on the available evidence, PPIs benefits seem to outweigh potential adverse effects. Large randomized prospective trials are required to more firmly establish direct cause and effect relationships between PPIs and adverse events.

The electrochemical redox behavior of transition metal ion, Cu(II) at different pH in acetate buffer solution has been investigated using cyclic voltammetric method at glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Cyclic voltammograms of Cu(II) show two cathodic and an anodic peaks those remain identical at various pH. The cyclic voltammetric response of the metal ion has been observed in presence of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as omeprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole and rabeprazole at various proportions of metal ion and PPIs. The nature of cyclic voltammograms of Cu(II) has been changed dramatically in presence of the PPIs due to the strong interaction between metal ion and PPIs. Almost similar interaction was noticed for all the PPIs. However, the maximum interaction was found at 1:2 molar ratio of Cu(II) and PPIs. The result could provide deep insight into the interaction between various metal ions and the PPIs that have been taken quite regularly in human body.