Research is reviewed on singing, health and well-being from the perspective of health psychology. In accordance with a multidimensional, biopsychosodal conceptual framework commonly used by health psychologists, the review is organized by biological, psychological and social factors that collectively contribute to health. Studies using quantitative and qualitative methods are reviewed that include singing prescribed as intervention, and research with professional and amateur singers. Althou^ research findings are often inconclusive, preliminary evidence su^ests possible benefits of breathing and short-term immune response. Mood, stress, and social responses may vary iidth amateur or professional status and nature of the singing actimty (group or solo, rehearsal or performance). Potential mechanisms and variables for future study are proposed. Recommendations for further research include studies that are interdisciplinary, address basic descriptive phenomena as well as explanatory mechanisms, utilize appropriate methods and controls while maintaining validity, measure long-term health, examine potential drawbacks of singing, and explore linkages among biological, psychological and social processes.
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