Malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) productivity and grain quality are of critical importance to the malting and brewing industry. In this study, we analyzed 12 malting barley genotypes across eight locations in California and three years (2017‐18, 2018‐19 and 2020‐21). The effects of genotype (G), location (L), year (Y) and their interactions were assessed on grain yield (kg ha −1), grain protein content (GPC; %), individual‐grain weight (mg), thousand kernel weight (TKW; g), grain size (plump and thin; %), onset gelatinization temperature (GT; temperature at which starch starts to gelatinize), peak GT, offset GT, difference between onset and peak GT and difference between peak and offset GT. L, Y and their interaction explained the largest variance for all traits except TKW, peak GT, and difference between onset and peak GT, for which G explained the largest variance. Yield and plump (%) were weakly negatively correlated with onset and peak GT (Pearson's r of ‐0.15 to ‐0.21) but showed a positive correlation with the difference between peak and offset GT (Pearson's r of 0.37 and 0.36). The 2020‐21 samples formed partially distinct clusters in principal component analysis, mainly discriminated by high percentage of thins and high onset GT. These findings illustrate the key roles of G, L and Y in determining malting barley productivity and quality.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Malting barley productivity and grain quality are of critical importance to the malting and brewing industry. In this study, we analyzed two experiments: a multi-environment variety trial and a nitrogen management trial. In the first experiment, we analyzed 12 malting barley genotypes across eight locations in California and three years (2017-18, 2018-19 and 2020-21). The effects of genotype (G), location (L), year (Y) and their interactions were assessed on grain yield (kg ha-1), grain protein content (GPC; %), individual-grain weight, grain size (plump and thin; %), onset gelatinization temperature (GT), peak GT, offset GT, difference between onset and peak GT and difference between peak and offset GT. L, Y and their interaction explained the largest variance for all traits except peak GT and difference between onset and peak GT, for which G explained the largest variance. The 2020-21 samples formed partially distinct clusters in principal component analysis, mainly discriminated by high percentage of thin grains and high onset GT. In the second experiment, we analyzed a dataset with two genotypes across three locations (with varying nitrogen fertilizer levels) from the 2016-17 season to assess the effect of added nitrogen on the same traits. Added nitrogen at tillering explained 18% of variance in the difference between onset and peak GT, and 5% of the variance in GPC, but was minimal for all other traits, with the largest variance explained by location and genotype. These findings illustrate the key roles of G, L and Y in determining malting barley productivity and quality.