Circular economy requires rethinking and redesigning of products and services to enable product reuse, recycling and cascading. The use of secondary materials is an essential part of circular economy and it is in a central role in EU's action plans. This paper examines, how a Circular Material Library can be used as tool of user oriented design to promote regional circular economy, innovation and competencies in companies. The Circular Material Library differs from the existing material libraries in that it will focus on available recycled materials. Due to the increased understanding of materials, new symbiosis products and industrial symbiosis networks can be created. Especially SME's would benefit from this public tool.
This paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment and especially the role of hydropower projects in achieving national development goals in the Lao PDR. It focuses on the environmental and social impacts of large-scale projects by using the Theun-Hinboun hydropower project as an example of controversies related to development interventions affecting livelihoods dependent on the natural resource base. Findings suggest that even though the Theun-Hinboun hydropower project has evolved into a kind of model project, several questions related to the final impact on poverty reduction, mitigation of environmental and social impacts and the participation of project affected people remain open. The relative success of Theun-Hinboun may not be easily repeated, especially as planned new hydropower schemes cause even more profound impacts on still largely subsistence based livelihoods and the environment.
Water resources development plays a central role in reducing poverty and achieving sustainable economic growth in Laos. The development of irrigation is vital for the rural population dependent on agricultural production, but irrigation projects have suffered from low levels of maintenance, as farmers have felt little ownership for the government projects. At the moment, a process of Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT) is undertaken in Laos with the aim of transferring the management and operation of schemes to farmers. This article aims at evaluating, how IMT has been implemented in Laos and how it is affecting the sustainability of agriculture.
Johdanto. Huoltosuhteen heikkenemisen myötä työeläkekuntoutuksen vaikuttavuuden tärkeys Suomessa korostuu, koska sillä mahdollistetaan työurien jatkuminen työkyvyn muutoksista huolimatta. Tässä tutkimuksessa tutkittiin kuntoutujan muutosvalmiutta sekä sen yhteyttä työeläkekuntoutusprosessin etenemiseen. Muutosvalmius ymmärretään muutosvaihemallin viitekehyksessä valmisteluvaiheessa olevan ihmisen motivaationa muutoksen tavoittelemiseen. Menetelmät. Tutkimuksen aineisto kerättiin erään suomalaisen työeläkekuntoutuksen palveluntuottajan asiakkailta, jotka vastasivat muutosvalmiuskyselyyn vuonna 2019 (n = 137). Kyselyssä on 12 väittämää, joihin vastataan Likert-asteikolla 1–5. Vastauksista laadittiin keskiarvosummamuuttujat sekä luokitellut muuttujat (heikko-kohtalainen-vahva). Taustatekijöinä selvitettiin ikä, sukupuoli, diagnoosi, ammatti, sosioekonominen asema ja asuinpaikkakunta. Lisäksi selvitettiin, missä vaiheessa kuntoutusprosessiaan tutkittavat olivat puoli vuotta aloittamisen jälkeen. Muuttujien välisiä yhteyksiä tutkittiin khiin neliö -riippuvuustestillä, Mann-Whitneyn U-testillä ja Kruskall Wallisin H-testillä. Tulokset. Tutkimus osoittaa, että tutkittavista 70 prosentilla muutosvalmius oli vahvaa. Ne, joiden muutosvalmius oli vahvaa, olivat useammin työeläkekuntoutusprosessissaan suunnitelman mukaisessa toimenpiteessä kuin ne, joilla muutosvalmius oli kohtalaista tai heikkoa. Tutkittavista 44 prosenttia oli työeläkekuntoutusprosessissaan suunnitelman mukaisessa toimenpiteessä puoli vuotta aloituksesta, ja heistä 88 prosentilla muutosvalmius oli vahvaa. Tutkittavat eivät eronneet tilastollisesti merkitsevästi taustatekijöiden suhteen muutosvalmiudessa tai kuntoutusprosessin vaiheessa. Johtopäätökset. Vahvalla muutosvalmiudella kuntoutusprosessin alkuvaiheessa on yhteys työeläkekuntoutuksen sujuvaan etenemiseen tarkasteltaessa prosessin vaihetta puoli vuotta kuntoutuksen aloittamisen jälkeen. Muutosvalmius oli työeläkekuntoutusprosessin etenemisen kannalta merkittävämpi tekijä kuin mikään muu tässä tutkimuksessa käytetyistä taustamuuttujista. Syytä olisikin tutkia, miten muutosvalmiutta on mahdollista edistää kuntoutusprosessien sujuvoittamiseksi. Pienen otoskoon takia tutkimuksesta ei kuitenkaan voi tehdä kauaskantoisia johtopäätöksiä. Jatkotutkimuksessa tarkennetaan tämän tutkimuksen havaintoja sekä arvioidaan palveluntuottajan kehittämän muutosvalmiuskyselyn validiteettia ja reliabiliteettia. Abstract Connection between readiness for change and the fluency of the progress in vocational rehabilitation arranged and paid for by authorized pension providers Introduction. As the dependency ratio weakens it is important to develop vocational rehabilitation, so that employees could continue their careers despite possible limitations in their ability to work. We studied the relationship between readiness for change and rehabilitees’ progress in vocational rehabilitation arranged and paid for by authorized pension providers. Readiness for change is a term used in the integrative model of change to describe the motivation of a person in a preparation stage. Methods. Rehabilitees (n=137) of a Finnish provider of vocational rehabilitation answered a readiness to change questionnaire during the year 2019. The questionnaire consists of 12 claims which are answered by five-point Likert Scale. The scores of the questionnaire were set as mean sum variables and classified as weak, average and strong. Age, gender, diagnosis, occupation, socio-economic status and place of residence were collected as socio-demographic characteristics. The rehabilitees´ progress in rehabilitation was checked 6 months after the rehabilitation started. The variables were compared to each other using chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskall-Wallis H test. Results. The study shows that 70 % of the subjects had a strong readiness for change. Those who had a strong readiness for change had a more fluent progress in their vocational rehabilitation process after 6 months compared to those whose readiness for change was average or weak. After 6 months, 44 % were at the action stage of their rehabilitation as planned. 88 % of them had a strong readiness for change. When studying readiness for change or the progress of rehabilitation there were no statistically significant difference between rehabilitees considering their socio-demographic characteristics. Conclusion. A strong readiness for change at the beginning of vocational rehabilitation has a connection to fluent progress in the rehabilitation process after 6 months. Readiness for change is more significant for the fluency of the vocational rehabilitation process than any other factor studied. It would be worth exploring how it is possible to promote readiness for change in order to streamline rehabilitation processes. Due to small sample size far-reaching conclusions cannot be made. Future studies are warranted using larger sample size to specify observations of this study and to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Keywords: vocational rehabilitation, return to work, readiness for change
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