This research focuses on the application of non-thermal plasma for treating industrial wastewater containing organic dyes. The study aims to investigate the degradation efficiency of methylene blue and textile effluent using a Microplasma setup. The experimental setup comprises of a reactor head with capillary needles, argon gas flow, and a high voltage DC power supply. The degradation of methylene blue and textile effluent is carried out at different voltages and time intervals. UV-visible analysis is conducted to measure the absorbance spectra of untreated and plasma-treated samples. The results show a decrease in absorbance with increasing plasma exposure time, indicating a reduction in methylene blue concentration. Higher applied voltages lead to more effective degradation and shorter treatment times. Textile effluent was treated at a high voltage of 20kV, which generated energetic electrons and free radicals. After a treatment period of 75 minutes, the color of the effluent intensified. UV-visible analysis of the textile effluent showed an increase in absorbance spectra with irradiation time, confirming the intensified color. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of the C = C stretching bond with a carbonyl group (C = O) or a carboxylic acid (COOH). The phytotoxicity of untreated and Microplasma-treated textile effluent was examined by germinating tomato seeds. The results illustrated that the effluent treated for 75 minutes exhibited a higher germination rate compared to the 60-minute treatment. The untreated tomato seedlings remained the same, indicating a reduction in the toxicity of the textile effluent. Overall, non-thermal plasma treatment shows promise for efficiently removing organic dyes from industrial wastewater.

No abstract

This study explores the Bajo ethnic which has a relatively old history of graduation. This gypsy ethnic life in spreading in some parts of the world. In South Sulawesi, this ethnic is found to live in two areas, namely in Bone and Selayar Regency. In the ethnography of South Sulawesi, Bajo ethnic belongs to one minority ethnic marginalized by several factors, one of which is the factor of education and accessibility in politics and government. As a minority ethnic, this maritime community deserves attention as a form of common concern for the threat of extinction of the cultural heritage. The purpose of this research is to (1)explore the cultural potentials found in Ikoiko oral literature for conservation efforts; and (2) find defense models that can protect oral literature Iko-Iko from the threat of extinction. The results of the study indicate that the Bajo ethnic's cultural attitudes towards Iko-iko oral literature began to shift due to the influence of surrounding cultures and other global cultures. It needs a continuous inheritance from generation to generation experiences psychological barriers. There is now a need for an appropriate method of rescue in the form of an inventory of problems, recording, and reconstruction of the cognate story so that the roadmap of defense and re-actualization. In this way, the protection, promotion, and utilization of culture can be reached