Background and Aim: Ribonucleic acid viruses remain latent in different cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells; however, the distemper virus remains undetected in these cells. This study aimed to determine whether adipose stem cells (ASCs) from dogs with distemper disease are infected with the canine morbillivirus (CM). Materials and Methods: Twelve dogs with the neurological phase of the disease and who were positive for CM by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), were studied. ASCs from adipose tissue of the lesser omentum of these infected dogs were isolated and characterized. Direct fluorescence was used to detect the viral antigen in cell cultures. Flow cytometry and RT-PCR identified detectable quantities of the virus in two cultures, while electron microscopy confirmed the CM particles within ASCs. Results: This study revealed that ASCs of the omentum of dogs with distemper disease can be infected with CM, indicating their possible involvement in this virus latency and persistence. This suggests that its detection should be considered within the quality control process of stem cells intended for regenerative medicine. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates that omentum ASCs from dogs with distemper disease can be infected with CM and may be involved in viral latency or persistence. Our study also suggests that the detection of CM should be considered within the quality control process of stem cells intended for regenerative medicine.
La medicina regenerativa en caninos empleando células madre alogénicas exige que dichas células estén libres de agentes infectocontagiosos, siendo el Morbillivirus canino (MC) responsable del distemper canino, uno de los más importantes. Además, la persistencia y latencia viral de este virus son eventos en que aún no se precisan las células de larga vida donde se hospedan estos virus. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar si las células madre adiposas (CMA) de caninos con la enfermedad clínica, están infectadas por el Morbillivirus canino. Con este fin se identificaron 12 perros con diagnóstico clínico de la enfermedad del distemper canino en fase nerviosa, luego, mediante RT-PCR se detectó el MC en orina y/o líquido cefalorraquídeo. Posteriormente, a partir de muestras de tejido adiposo del omento menor, en un laboratorio de células madre se aislaron y caracterizaron CMA de los perros infectados. Mediante fluorescencia directa de los cultivos se detectó presencia de antígeno viral, y por citometría de flujo y RT-PCR en 2 cultivos se identificaron cultivos con poblaciones detectables del MC. Por microscopía electrónica de transmisión se confirmó la presencia de partículas del MC dentro de CMA. Los resultados demuestran por primera vez, según nuestro conocimiento, que las CMA de omento de perros con enfermedad de distemper pueden estar infectadas por el MC, postulando su posible participación en la latencia y/o persistencia de este virus, sugiriendo que debe considerarse su detección en el control de calidad de células madre a ser usadas en medicina regenerativa.
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