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Background: the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract is known as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Aim of The Work: to compare laparoscopic and open transvesical ureteral reimplantation for the VUR correction in children as regards the average surgery time in minutes (from the beginning of the skin incision to the finish of the wound closing), hospital stay in hours, complications, successful rate, recurrence rate, and follow-up by ultrasound every 1 month, Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) every 3 month and DMSA scan after 6 month. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective comparative study between laparoscopic and open transvesical ureteric reimplantation for the correction of VUR in pediatric patients. It was done at Pediatric Surgical Department, Al-Azhar University Hospitals, and others Governmental and Private Hospitals over a period of 2 years. This study was done on (20) children. Results: Urinary extravasation and growth hematuria varied significantly between the groups. Thus, they were significantly more common in Group B than in Group A. Conclusion: : In unilateral and bilateral VUR, the minimally invasive laparoscopic method has a comparable rate of success to open surgery. The laparoscopic method decreases the need for pain medication after surgery and allows for a quicker return to normal activities. Keep in mind the neuroanatomy of the bladder, ureters, and VUJ for this approach. The limitation of our study, further comparative studies with larger sample sizes were needed to strength the present results

Background Urethral reconstruction in complex hypospadias poses a significant challenge. We report our 10-year experience with buccal mucosa graft (BMG) in the two-stage repair of complex hypospadias and compare its results to the skin graft. Methods We retrieved the data of 15 patients with complex hypospadias who underwent two-stage repair using the BMG at our institution. The data were compared to 13 patients who underwent skin graft during the same period. Results The median follow-up duration was 14 (12–17) months in the BMG group and 16 (13.5–22.5) months in the skin graft group. Patients in the BMG had a numerically lower incidence of the diverticulum, wound dehiscence, fistula, and infection than the skin graft group, however, without statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the incidence of meatal stenosis and urethral stricture was significantly lower in the BMG group (0% each) compared to the skin graft group (30.8% each; p = 0.02). At the same time, there were no reported cases of graft contracture. The frequency of donor site morbidity was significantly higher in the skin graft group compared to the BMG group (p = 0.003). The BMG led to a lower incidence of postoperative straining than the skin graft (0% vs. 38.5%, p = 0.03). Only one patient needed revision surgery after skin graft, compared to no case in the BMG (p = 0.27). Conclusion The present study demonstrates the feasibility and durable outcomes of the BMG in the setting of two-stage repair of complex hypospadias.