Sirtuin 3 enzyme (SIRT3) is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial energy homeostasis by activating Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1α). Murine models have shown that the protein SIRT3 was modified by exercise and diet, however, the effect of exercise without diet in humans has not been examined. Propose of this paper was to analyze the effect of aerobic training on SIRT3 and PGC-1α in skeletal muscle of overweight adolescents without change in caloric intake. Fourteen overweight or obese male adolescents (15.5 ± 0.8 years) trained 3 days-week/50 min × session, at 70-80% of maximal heart rate for 12 weeks. Anthropometrics and skeletal muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were taken before and after the exercise program to measure adiposity, SIRT3, and PGC-1α proteins. Peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak) was estimated before and after training. The participants did not change their eating habits during the intervention. SIRT3 (1.05 ± 0.11 vs. 1.25 ± 0.14 AU, p = .014) and PGC-1a (1.06 ± 0.15 Vs 1.39 ± 0.20 AU, p = .009) increased. Fat percentage and waist circumference decreased (p < .05). VO2peak increased after training (p < .001). There was a significant association between SIRT3 and PGC-1α after training program. These data suggest that aerobic training increased SIRT3 and PGC-1a expression levels in sedentary, overweight, or obese adolescents.

Methods 612 mothers were recruited to participate in this cross sectional study from 11 community general paediatric practices. Social capital was assessed using the Social Capital Scale (SCS) and mothers' depressive symptoms were assessed using the Centre for Epidemiologic Depression Scale (CESD). The SCS has five factors. The local IRB approved this study. Results About 3/4 of mothers were married or had a live in partner, 2/3 were white, median family income was $30,000, mothers' average years of school was 13 years. The total SCS score and scores for each of the five factors were all significantly inversely correlated (Spearman) with total score and the CESD (p = 0.0001). Total CESD and total SCS (r = -0.275). Belonging to the community factor was slightly stronger (r = -302) than total SCS. While statistically significant, the remaining four factors all had correlations with the total CESD of around -0.2 or less. Conclusions This study found that, beyond mothers' personal social network, a sense of belonging to the community is an important factor associated with mothers' depressive symptoms. Future studies should include longitudinal assessments of social capital and depressive symptoms to understand better the relation among personal social support, community social capital and depressive symptoms over time.

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