Objective: To investigate the risk factors and impact of the introduction of XPERT MTB/RIF test on the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in presumptive cases in a General Hospital in Nigeria.Design and setting: A retrospective study that examines the record of the hospital, from January, 2015 to December, 2017. A logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify the associated factors.Results: There were total of 753 TB cases out of a total of 3639 people investigated. The rate of TB was 0.207. The multivariable regression analysis revealed that TB was significantly associated with all age groups: 15 -24 years [odds ratio (OR) = 5.316,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64].HIV positivity (OR = 0.519, (OR = 0.437,, were less likely to have TB.Conclusion: Age group 25-54 is an independent predictor of positive tuberculosis results in presumptive cases.

Background: This is a study done to assess the knowledge and attitude of health care workers in Nigeria about the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). This study became necessary because there is now exportation of the disease from Saudi Arabia, to other countries. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study, involving 224 respondents. Descriptive statistics was used to get the characteristics, mean attitude and knowledge scores of the study participants. Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship that exists between study variables and questions on attitude. Inferential statistics, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests, were used to examine differences between study variables. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Spearman's rho correlation was employed in the identification of the association between knowledge and attitude scores. Results: The respondents showed a fairly good knowledge and good attitude towards MERS. There was a significant correlation between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.301, P < 0.001). Respondents showed poorest knowledge in thinking that MERS is still restricted to the Arabian Peninsula (8.5%), however, they showed good knowledge in the type of people the disease is most devastated in (87.9%). Many of the respondents demonstrated a positive attitude in the sharing of MERS related information among peers (1.39 ± 0.866) but their attitude towards their active participation in infection control is the poorest (2.49 ±1.242). Conclusions: This study revealed that health care workers in Nigeria have fairly good knowledge and good attitude towards MERS, but demonstrated very poor knowledge and negative attitude in some areas.

The study examines the level of satisfaction that staff of General Hospitals in Nigeria hope to derive from the introduction and implementation of 'New Ways of Working' in General Hospitals in Nigeria. Methodology: The study was conducted in a typical General Hospital in Nigeria. Satisfaction level to the introduction and implementation of New Ways of Working was assessed by self-administered and pretested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics to explain the demography of the respondents were done; mean score and standard deviation values were used to examine the variables. Findings: The average mean score of the satisfaction level to the components of new ways of information if introduced was (3.52 ± 1.54). Respondents showed highest level of satisfaction to the component afford them a free hand to make impactful decisions on their work schedule (2.20 ± 1.18), and least level of satisfaction when they are provided with means of deriving more information about their work when they are provided with information technology within the hospital premises (4.95 ± 1.85). Research Limitations: More General Hospitals should be involved in new studies for more generalizability. Practical implications: Staff believe they will derive some satisfaction with the introduction of 'New Ways of Working'. Social implications: Staff satisfaction to the implementation of 'New Ways of Working' will allow patients to access care with flexibility. Value of the Paper: The study is promoting the introduction of 'New Ways of Working', to afford staff and patients more flexibility.

Context: Hospital patients desire more flexibility in health care delivery, hence developing new ways of working (NWW), and making the leadership styles in these hospitals to be compatible will ensure this. Design: Prevailing leadership style and its compatibility to New Ways of Working were assessed by self-administered and pretested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics to elucidate on the demography of the respondents were done, mean score and standard deviation values were used to examine the variables. Spearman's rho correlation was used to identify the association in the responses. Setting/Participants: A stratified sampling method was used to select samples for this study, and these samples were surveyed for their views on the prevalent leadership styles and how this prevailing leadership style can accommodate NWW. Outcome measures: Some features of both task-oriented and person-centered leadership styles were identified. Then the respondents' agreement to the existence of these features of each leadership style and how NWW could be accommodated was examined. Results: 100 questionnaires were distributed, 81 (81%) of the questionnaires were returned. The mean score of the two leadership styles were 2.11 ± 1.11 and 2.16 ± 1.11 respectively with a significant correlation (r = 0.871, p < 0.001). The compatibility of prevalent leadership style to 'New Ways of Working' was 4.29 ± 1.74. Conclusion: Both task-oriented and person-centered leadership are present, and little adjustment are necessary for NWW to be accommodated. NWW will allow patients to overcome the encumbrances of busy schedules robbing them off an access to quality health care.