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BACKGROUND Traditionally plasmodium vivax has been considered to be the cause for benign malaria and plasmodium falciparum to cause severe malaria. The incidence of P. vivax malaria in Rohtas district (Bihar) and neighbouring districts is quite high and P. vivax cases with severe complication are coming to NMCH, Rohtas for treatment. Thus, the present study was conducted to find out morbidity and mortality of P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria.