The aims of this study were to investigate the employment of Other-Initiated Repair Strategies (OIR Strategies) in solving understanding problem in EFL learners' conversation and to examine the kinds of trouble sources that prompt the employment of OIR Strategies. The participants were nine EFL learners participating in a speaking class in small university in Indonesia. To elicit the learners' conversations two communicative tasks, Spot the Difference and Desert Island were used. The learners' conversations during task performance were video-recorded, then, transcribed using the conventions proposed by Markee (2000) and analyzed qualitatively using Conversation Analysis method. The results showed that EFL learners managed to employ eight types of OIR Strategies comprising of 62 instances in total. The strategies are unspecified repair, interrogative repair, partial repeat plus a question word repair, partial repeat repair, understanding check repair, request for repetition, request for definition, and correction repair. Three different types of trouble sources triggered the use of OIR Strategies, namely linguistic-related problem, interactional-related problem, and meaning-related problem. The study demonstrated that by employing different OIR Strategies, even EFL learners with limited proficiency in English managed to take initiatives to overcome the understanding problem in conversations as part of their learning process. Therefore, the EFL teachers need to consider incorporating the teaching of OIR Strategies as part of their speaking class to improve the students' fluency.

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This study examines repair practice by English as a Foreign Language ( EFL) college students to address the understanding problems that may cause communication breakdowns in classroom conversations. Conversational data were elicited from 40 second-semester students performing jigsaw and information gap communicative tasks. Using the conversation analysis theory and methodological approach, the recorded and transcribed conversations were analyzed to scrutinize the frequency and types of repair strategies, trouble sources, and repair outcomes. The findings show that to address the understanding problem, the EFL college students employed 11 other-initiated repair strategies: Open-class or unspecified strategies; WH-interrogatives; Partial repeat plus WH- interrogatives; Repetition or partial repetition; Candidate understanding; Correction; Request for repetition; Non-verbal; Asking for definition, explanation, translation, example, or spelling; Explicit display of non-understanding; and Request to speak up. These other-initiated repair strategies were triggered by the presence of lexical, semantic content-related, and sequential/speech delivery trouble sources.  Attempts to resolve the understanding problem were conducted by a set of repair outcomes, including Repetition, Acknowledgment, Repetition or acknowledgment plus expansion, explanation, and/or translation, and Repetition or acknowledgment plus translation.  The study provides language educators with new insights on how EFL learners deal with understanding problems in communication so that they could respond appropriately to the repair practice initiated by the students.

The employment of Information Technology (IT) for the online teaching and learning process is unavoidable nowadays. One of the popular online teaching platforms currently used in ELT is Google Classroom. However, the literature indicates that there is a limited number of research investigating the perceived usefulness and effectiveness of Google Classroom viewed by the students as its end-users. Thus, the current study aims at investigating the perceptions of secondary students in using Google Classroom (GC) as a Learning Management System (LMS) in English Language Teaching (ELT0. The study focuses on three variables: perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), and actual system use (AU). The study employed a mixed-method research design for data collection and analysis. Quantitative data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS 25.0. The qualitative data was obtained through in-depth interviews with nine respondents. The findings suggest that most participants have positive views on GC with some reservations. Students seem to have more expectations before using GC; yet, they experienced dissatisfaction afterward. It was revealed that GC provides various features to support English learning, but it depends on the users to maximize them. It is suggested that more digital technology training and workshops for students and teachers be adequately fluent in using the GC. Schools need to establish policies to enforce the use of GC within schools, conduct preparation for teachers and students, provide technical support, and collaborate with other institutions for capacity building.