Regardless of practitioners' awareness of the efficacy of myopia control techniques, the vast majority still prescribe single vision interventions to young myopes. In view of the increasing prevalence of myopia and existing evidence for interventions to slow myopia progression, clear guidelines for myopia management need to be established.

Purpose To examine the effects of transcorneal freezing using a new cryoprobe designed for corneal endothelial surgery. Methods A freezing console employing nitrous oxide as a cryogen was used to cool a series of different cryoprobe tip designs made of silver for high thermal conductivity. In vitro studies were conducted on 426 porcine corneas, followed by preliminary in vivo investigations on three rabbit corneas. Results The corneal epithelium was destroyed by transcorneal freezing, as expected; however, the epithelial basement membrane remained intact. Reproducible endothelial damage was optimally achieved using a 3.4 mm diameter cryoprobe with a concave tip profile. Stromal edema was seen in the pre-Descemet's area 24 hrs postfreeze injury, but this had been resolved by 10 days postfreeze. A normal collagen fibril structure was seen 1 month postfreeze, concurrent with endothelial cell repopulation. Conclusions Transcorneal freezing induces transient posterior stromal edema and some residual deep stromal haze but leaves the epithelial basement membrane intact, which is likely to be important for corneal re-epithelialization. Localized destruction of the endothelial monolayer was achieved in a consistent manner with a 3.4 mm diameter/concave profile cryoprobe and represents a potentially useful approach to remove dysfunctional corneal endothelial cells from corneas with endothelial dysfunction.

Historically, the absolute price flexibility and perfect competition was always considered as purely theoretical issue. Even in well developed markets flexibility of demand is usually hindered by lack of information on differences in offers available on the market. Similar pattern characterises power market as well. Electricity users are usually consuming the same amount of power regardless the changes of the power price, which makes the electricity consumption inelastic to the electricity price. Consequently, to meet a given demand, the same constant volume has been classically ensured on supply side by stable centralized power generation. However, due to climate protection policy the share of renewable energy sources in power generation is growing rapidly. It means more variable energy supply and more explicit electricity price fluctuations. The development of smart technologies and aggregation tools ensure a great opportunity to adjust the electricity consumption to the generated energy in a certain time. In this way, the available energy sources can be used to their fullest potential, the electricity system can be stabilised by levelling out the peak load hours and the electricity prices can be stabilised avoiding big fluctuations. The aim of the research is to analyse aggregators as a tool to facilitate power price flexibility through electricity demand response development, therewith demonstrating how the classical principle of economics' theories on demand-supply flexibility find their practical application. In the research generally accepted quantitative and qualitative methods of economic science, comparative analysis, statistical data processing, synthesis, inductive, deductive, logically constructive, parameter estimation and economically mathematical modelling methods are applied.

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