Condensation: An evidence-based guideline from the International Society for abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) for the antenatal and intra-partum management of AIP.

AGA pregnancies may present with fetal cerebral and placental blood flow redistribution indicative of fetal hypoxemia. Fetal Doppler assessment may be of value in detecting AGA pregnancies that are subject to placental insufficiency, fetal hypoxemia and FRGP. Future studies are needed to evaluate the appropriate threshold for the diagnosis of FRGP and the diagnostic performance of this new approach for the management of growth disorders.

Topics: Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality, Systems-based Practice I dentifying whether a fetus is at risk for intrapartum hypoxia and other adverse conditions is challenging. Although smaller fetal size is more strongly associated with nonreassuring fetal status, many appropriate weight babies are also at risk for conditions such as cerebral palsy. A recent study suggested that fetal cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) measured within 72 hours of delivery, can successfully identify patients that will require obstetric intervention for intrapartum fetal compromise. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the CPR can in fact serve as a reliable indicator of both intrapartum fetal compromise and admission to a neonatal unit.The study was conducted from 2000 to 2013 in a single tertiary referral center and involved a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Within 2 weeks of delivery, information on umbilical artery pulsatility index, middle cerebral artery pulsatility index, and CPR was collected for each case. Birth weights were converted into centiles and Doppler parameters were converted into multiples of the median, with reference ranges used to adjust for gestational age. Possible confounding variables were addressed through the use of logistic regression analysis.A total of 9772 singleton pregnancies were included in the study. Operative delivery in response to presumed fetal compromise occurred in 17.2% of cases, while admission to a neonatal unit occurred in 3.9% of cases. CPRs were lower in cases that required either operative delivery or admission to a neonatal unit (P < 0.01). Logistic regression showed that both CPR and birth weight were independently associated with an increased risk of operative delivery for presumed fetal compromise [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.52-0.87; P = 0.003 and adjusted OR, 0.994; 95% CI, 0.992-0.997; P < 0.001, respectively). The association with birth weight persisted even when small-for-gestational-age cases were excluded. CPR was shown to be an independent indicator for admission to a neonatal unit at term (adjusted OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.33-0.92; P = 0.021), while birth weight was not (adjusted OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99-1.00; P = 0.794).The findings of this study show that there is an association between low fetal CPR measured at term and the need for emergency operative delivery and admission to a neonatal unit. Even after the results were adjusted for potential confounders, this association remained significant. These results emphasize that Doppler assessment is a better indicator of fetal compromise than size alone. The authors recommend that future studies focus on how fetal hemodynamic status could be useful in predicting perinatal morbidity and guiding the best choice of delivery method.

Objective To determine whether small-and appropriatefor-gestational-age (SGA and AGA)