The aim of this study was to examine a homogeneous, consecutive recent series of patients who underwent reoperation on the thyroid bed to assess the incidence of the complications commonly correlated with resurgery. We reviewed clinical charts of 233 patients who underwent resurgery taken from a total of 4,752 patients previously operated on for benign and malignant thyroid diseases from 2006 to 2010 by the same surgical team. We evaluated the incidence of postoperative hemorrhage, hypoparathyroidism, and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy. Analyses were done separately in relation to the type of the type of resurgery adopted: (A) monolateral completion; (B) bilateral completion, after monolateral (B1) or bilateral prior surgery (B2); and (C) lymph node dissection. We also separately analyzed patients according to their final histological diagnosis of benign or malignant disease. Regarding hemorrhage, 6/233 patients (2.5 %) underwent surgical revision of the thyroid within 12 h for postoperative hemorrhage. They included 2 (1.5 %) of the 129 monolateral reoperations (A), 3 (4 %) of the 74 bilateral reoperations (B), and 1 (3.3 %) of the 30 central dissections for nodal relapse (C). Transient and definitive postoperative hypoparathyroidism was recorded in 78 (36.4 %) and 7 (3.3 %) of the 214 eligible patients. Transient RLN palsy occurred in 21 RLNs at risk (7 %) and definitive RLN palsy in 5 (1.7 %). Elective total thyroidectomy cannot always be supported as an effective policy for preventing recurrences in patients with a single, benign node: lobectomy, preferably with extemporaneous histological examination, unquestionably represents the best minimal approach to thyroid resection.

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