The role of tourism to the economy of Bali and Indonesia can be seen from the increase in tourist arrivals. The study results showed that if tourism is represented by the trade, hotels and restaurants sector, tourism contribution to the economy of Bali is 27.82% in 2010 to be 31.35% in 2014. If tourism represented by the tertiary sector (services sector), contribution of tourism to the economy is 65.28% in 2010 to be 68.28% in 2014. Tourism is represented trade, hotels and restaurants sector, the number of labor who work in tourism is 571,274 people (26.24%) in 2010 to be 628,585 people (27.64%) in 2014. If tourism is represented the tertiary sector, the number labor who work in the tourism is 1,046,530 people (48.96%) in 2010 to be 1,178,201 people (51.81%) in 2014.

The development of human resources is important because labor is an important asset, so maintaining competent human resources is important for hotel management. All things related to welfare, comfort in work life are known as Quality of Work Life (QWL). High QWL is achieved if employees get job satisfaction, both in participating in decision making, as well as in having opportunities to develop. The research objective was to analyze (1) the influence of Quality of Work Life on job satisfaction and work motivation, (2) the influence of job satisfaction and work motivation on employee performance (3) the influence of Quality of Work Life on employee performance mediated by job satisfaction and work motivation in star-rated hotels in the Tourism area of Ubud, Bali. The determination of respondents used was by proportional stratified random sampling method with a sample size of 240.The data analysis method used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that (1) QWL had a positive and significant influence on job satisfaction and work motivation (2) Job satisfaction and work motivation had a positive and significant influence on employee performance (3) QWL had a positive and significant influence on employee performancewhich wasmediated by job satisfaction and work motivation. The findings of this study were as follows: satisfaction and work motivation acted as a moderator variable to strengthen the influence of QWL on employees' performance in star-rated hotels in the tourism area of Ubud.

Indonesia is the fifth largest cocoa-producing country in the world, and an increase in cocoa farming efficiency can help farmers to increase their per capita income and reduce poverty in rural areas of this country. This research evaluated the efficiency of Indonesian cocoa farms using a non-parametric approach. The results revealed that the majority of cocoa farms are operated relatively inefficiently. The average technical and allocative efficiencies (0.82 and 0.46, respectively) of these cocoa farms demonstrated that there is potential for improvement. The potential cost reductions range from 36 to 76%, with an average of 60%, if farmers practice efficiently. The technical and allocative efficiencies and cocoa farm economies are affected by the use of quality seeds, organic fertilizers, frequency of extension and training of farm managers, access to bank credit and the market, the participation of women, and the farm manager’s gender. An increase in the output would increase farmers’ income and reduce poverty in rural areas. This research suggests that the availability of extension and training provided to farmers as well as support for women farmer groups should be increased. Credit programs are also important for cocoa farmers, so policymakers should develop programs that make production credit more accessible for farmers, especially through cooperatives and banks.

In Indonesia, rice was produced by small-scale farmers where yields were still generally low. This was because small-scale farmers still used poor quality seeds and unbalanced fertilizers. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the socio-economic factors that affected the adoption of quality seeds in lowland rice farming and the use of fertilizers on quality seeds. This research used a double-hurdle model to answer the objectives of research and used 329 farmings which were selected randomly in Central Sulawesi Indonesia. The results show that the gender variable only affected the use of fertilizer on quality seeds. Education, access to credit, sources of income (income diversification), access to extension, meetings with farmer groups were found to be positively correlated with the decision to adopt quality seeds in lowland rice farming and use of fertilizers to quality seeds, while the number of dependents of the household head was negatively correlated. The land area of lowland rice was positively correlated with the adoption of quality seeds in lowland rice farming but negatively correlated with the number of fertilizers used for quality seeds. Based on these findings, the role of extension workers and farmer groups was needed in disseminating quality seeds, and through credit institutions, it was necessary to provide credit facilities to rice producers (farmers) so that rice productivity could be increased.

This study aims to identify and analyze the extent to which CBT can have an impact on the income of local people originating from tourist expenditure in tourist destinations. This study uses quantitative research methods from the results of questionnaires to tourists, labor, business units, and managers at Cafe Sawah tourist destinations in Pujon Kidul Village, Malang Regency. The finding in this study is that the multiplier effect value in the Cafe Sawah tourist destination has a Keynesian Income Multiplier number of 0.27 or 00 1.00, so that the destination has not been able to have a significant impact on the surrounding community, especially those who do business in that location. The results of this study explain that Community Based Management has not been able to provide a significant impact, so there needs to be a fundamental evaluation of the local district government where the function of the government is as a regulation and providing assistance to existing tourism destinations in the area. PendahuluanKurun lima tahun terakhir sektor pariwisata menjadi salah satu sektor unggulan yang menopang perekonomian negara Indonesia. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari apa yang dilaporkan oleh Kementerian Pariwisata (2016) yang menyebutkan pada tahun 2015 sektor pariwisata telah mampu menyumbangkan devisa sebesar Rp. 144 triliun dengan laju rata-rata pertumbuhan penerimaan devisa sebesar 13 persen. Nominal ini meningkat secara signifikan dan jauh lebih besar dari komoditas lain yang terlebih dulu dikenal sebagai komoditas penghasil devisa seperti migas, kelapa sawit, karet olahan, dan batu bara. Selain menyumbangkan devisa negara yang besar menurut data BPS (2014). Tidak bisa dipungkiri, tingginya sumbangan devisa negara, peningkatan pendapatan asli daerah, dan kemampuan dalam menyerap tenaga kerja menjadikan sektor pariwisata mendapat perhatian untuk terus dikembangkan sebagai sektor unggulan, sehingga terjadilah pemerataan pembangunan (Muljadi, 2012). Pengembangan industri pariwisata yang berbasis pada sustainable oriented model sudah mulai banyak dikembangkan di Indonesia. Salah satu daerah yang sudah menjadikan sustainable oriented model sebagai dasar dalam mengembangkan kawasannya adalah Malang Raya Jawa Timur. Meskipun destinasi seperti Malang telah memberikan dampak ekonomi terhadap masyarakat lokal, menjadi menarik untuk diukur seberapa signifikan model pengembangan pariwisata tersebut memberikan dampak positif terhadap pendapatan masyarakat lokal. Menarik untuk diketahui apakah masyarakat mendapatkan dampak yang signifikan dari community based tourism dengan keadaan minimnya fasilitas dan aksesibilas tersebut. Berdasarkan Fenomena tersebut, artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas mengenai (1) Karakteristik wisatawan di Cafe Sawah Pujon Kidul dan (2) Dampak ekonomi yang ditimbulkan oleh aktivitas pariwisata Cafe Sawah Pujon Kidul.