In preschool children, venipuncture is considered a bodily threat that can cause pain and anxiety, as well as being a traumatic experience. If the pain and anxiety felt by a child during a venipuncture is not addressed properly, it can result in a traumatic experience, and traumatic events in childhood can have long-term consequences. Atraumatic treatment in the emergency department has been little explored in previous research; therefore, the present study assessed the effectiveness of using the distractions of cartoon-patterned clothes and bubble-blowing on the pain and anxiety of preschool children during venipuncture in the emergency department. This was a quasi-experiment that used a post-test only, control group design approach. The sample consisted of 57 preschool children who were due to undergo venipuncture and who were divided into 3 intervention groups. The results showed that distraction using bubble-blowing is effective in reducing pain and anxiety during venipuncture, while cartoon-patterned clothing is only effective in reducing anxiety. Distractions can refocus the attention of a child away from pain and anxiety during venipuncture. It can inhibit the transmission of pain impulses, such that these impulses are not transmitted to the brain. As a result, the sensation of pain is not experienced.

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Intravenous (IV) insertion is one of the most common invasive procedures that causes pain, fear, and even stress for children. Uncontrolled anxiety feeling can develop into excessive anxiety and create a permanent traumatic impact on a child's life. Children need to know about the procedure that they will face in interesting way. This study purpose to identify the effectiveness of providing information through animated educational media about IV insertion on children's anxiety responses. This quantitative research used quasy-experimental design approach to compare three interventions between Animated Educational Video, Cartoon Video and Control Group. The samples of this study were choosen by consecutive sampling which it starts on April until June 2022. It was conducted at emergency unit of three hospitals area in Bali Province. Total respondents were about 90 children divided into three groups. Data was collected using Children Fear's Scale (CFS) as the instrument. This study found that there was a significant difference between three intervention groups (α=0,008 p<0,05). The animated education video group showed lowest mean anxiety score (1.90) compared to other group interventions. The developed animated education video can be selected intervention to control the anxiety feeling of children during IV insertion.

Introduction: Pain and anxiety are responses that are often shown by children who will receive immunization in the form of injections at school when School Children Immunization Month (BIAS) arrives. Pain caused by the invasive procedure can cause trauma to the child against immunization and show an uncooperative attitude. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the effect of lavender aromatherapy with routine intervention on anxiety and pain in primary school children who received TD immunization. Methods: This study used a quasiexperimental design with a non-equivalent control group design post-test only. A total of 29 respondents were involved in this study who were selected by purposive sampling technique according to the inclusion criteria which were divided into 2 groups. The research instruments in this study was using Visual Analog Scale for Pain and Anxiety (VAS-P and VAS-A). Results: The results of data analysis using the Mann Whitney test showed that lavender aromatherapy was effective in reducing children's pain when immunized (p value = 0.005) but did not show a significant effect on children's anxiety (p value = 0.122). Conclusion: Lavender aromatherapy can be an easy and affordable distraction technique that nurses can apply when immunizing at school so that it can help control the pain felt by children.

The pandemic due to the Covid-19 virus has brought many changes to the world's social, economic, educational and healthy life. This condition has an impact on people's lives, not only adults but also children. Children have to adapt to various rules that change their daily habits. The purpose of this study was to identify a description of the nutritional status, activity patterns, and stress levels of school children in Bali Province during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method with a descriptive observational approach. Sampling was carried out using a simple random sampling technique involving 150 samples of children aged 9-13 years from 5 districts in Bali. The results showed that 68% of children were in good nutritional status and physical activity showed balanced results with the highest stress level of children being moderate stress which reached 88.7%. Parents and teachers have an important role in maintaining physical activity and children's mental health during the pandemic.