Background Considering the high risk of maternal morbidity and mortality, increased risks of unintended pregnancy, and the unmet need for contraceptives prevalent among the Rohingya refugees, this study aims to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of family planning (FP) and associated factors among Rohingya women living in refugee camps in Bangladesh. Methods Four hundred Rohingya women were interviewed. Data were collected using a structured and pretested questionnaire, which included study participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, access to FP services, knowledge, attitude, and practice of FP. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify the influencing factors of FP-KAP. Results Of the 400 Rohingya refugee women, 60% were unaware that there was no physical harm brought by using a permanent method of birth control. Half of the women lack proper knowledge regarding whether a girl was eligible for marriage before the age of 18. More than two-thirds of the women thought family planning methods should not be used without the husband’s permission. Moreover, 40% were ashamed and afraid to discuss family planning matters with their husbands. Of the study participants, 58% had the opinion that a couple should continue bearing children until a son is born. Linear regression analyses found that study participants’ who have a profession, have less children, whose primary source of FP knowledge was through a physician/nurse, have had FP interventions in the camp, and talk with a health care provider on FP were found to have better FP-KAP. Conclusion The study showed that Rohingya refugee women are a marginalized population in terms of family planning and their comprehensive FP-KAP capability was low. Contraceptives among the Rohingyas were unpopular, mainly due to a lack of educational qualifications and family planning awareness. In addition, family planning initiatives among Rohingya refugees were limited by a conservative culture and religious beliefs. Therefore, strengthening FP interventions and increasing the accessibility to essential health services and education are indispensable to improving improve maternal health among Rohingya refugees.

In medical consultations, the length of the visit has a significant impact on the quality of care. It is significantly associated with a better quality of treatment and better health outcomes. In this study, we analyzed doctors’ consultation length with patients and associated factors in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the patients (N = 763) who visited the doctors in six district/upazila (sub-district) hospitals in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) area. Linear regression analyses were performed to identify the determining factors associated with the length of doctors’ appointments with patients. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24.0. Among the patients, 319 (41.8%) were female and 688 (90.2%) lived in rural/suburban areas. This study revealed that the average length of medical consultations was 9.10 min. Additionally, our findings illustrated that doctors’ patient-centered communication behavior (β = 0.23, p < 0.001) appeared to be the strongest predictor of longer visit length. It was also found that patients’ higher education level (β = 0.10, p = 0.006), having adequate knowledge about the health problem (β = 0.13, p < 0.001), follow-up visits (β = 0.13, p < 0.001), and the presence of female doctors (β = 0.19, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with longer interview times between doctors and patients in primary care settings. Given that doctors’ patient-centered communication behavior appears to play the most important role, this study suggests that practicing professionalism in medical consultations, developing effective communication skills and increasing awareness of sociodemographic discrepancies are important to ensure longer appointment lengths and better health outcomes of patients, regardless their sociodemographic and socioeconomic status.

Background: Considering more than 720,000 Rohingya into Bangladesh, unplanned pregnancy, and serious complications of pregnancy among refugees, this study aims to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of family planning (FP) and associated factors among the Rohingya women living in the refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Methods: Four hundred Rohingya women were investigated, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire, which included socio-demographic characteristics, awareness of contraceptive methods, knowledge, attitudes and practices on FP. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of outcome variables. Results: Of the Rohingya refugee women, 60% were unaware that there is no physical harm in adopting a permanent method of birth control. Half of them lack proper knowledge of whether a girl was eligible for marriage before the age of 18. More than two-thirds think family planning methods should not be used without the husband’s permission. Besides, 40% were ashamed and afraid to discuss family planning matters with their husbands, considering it as a sin. Of them, 58% had the opinion that a couple should continue bearing children until a son is born. Linear regression analyses demonstrated that Racidong in Myanmar as the region of residence, being professional, number of children, physician/nurse being the source of FP knowledge, having FP interventions in the camp, participating in a FP program, visiting a health facility, and talking with a health care provider on FP were significantly associated with Rohingya women’s better KAP of FP. Conclusions: The study showed that Rohingya refugee women are a marginalized population in family planning and the comprehensive FP-KAP capability was low. Contraceptives among the Rohingyas are unpopular, mainly due to a lack of education and family planning awareness. In addition, family planning initiatives among Rohingya refugees were limited by some traditional cultural and religious beliefs. Therefore, strengthening FP interventions and increasing the accessibility to essential health services and education are indispensable in order to improve maternal health among refugees.

Appraising SARS-CoV-2 virus under the taxonomy category of coronaviridae family, which has been responsible for more than two million fatalities across the globe. It not only jeopardizes the normal life, but also potentiating the evolutionary progress towards a more lethal form. The lethal form, albeit is a bit virulent, is likely to predominate, thereby causing cumulative damage in any cluster that cannot even combat the wide spectrum of genetic variation. The impact on the vertical COVID-19 transmissibility of antenatal population is still sketchy about “nosocomial transmission” and the measures crude. The paper has reviewed the placental pathological findings of pregnant women afflicted with SARS-CoV-2 including the information, gathered from the subsequent stages of gestational outcomes. The possibility of the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 due to the probable placental barrier damage caused by the severe maternal hypoxia, Homo sapiens (human) angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (hACE2) influenced transplacental migration of SARS-CoV-2 in advanced gestational age, the plausible presence of RNAemia (detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the blood) in hematogenous route was reviewed in this paper. Nevertheless, the probability of susceptible intrauterine or perinatal infection of fetus does not conclusively decide as chances of involving placental coexpression of hACE2 and transmembrane protease, serine 2 in cytoplasmic entry of SARS-CoV-2 remains insignificant, exhibiting the probable relative insensitivity to transplacental infection. The present paper will provide an important insight about the wider understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in the placenta that canvassed across all trimesters of pregnancy in response to the indiscriminate spread across globe at the time of therapeutic interventions.