Background: Thyroid dysfunction influences both menstrual flow and fertility, likely through changes in sex hormone levels, gonadotrophin release and possibly ovarian function. Objectives of this work were to study thyroid related complaints and thyroid function tests in patients with menstrual irregularities like menorrhagia, oligomenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, hypomenorrhoea and ploymenorrhoea, to study menstrual patterns in women with diagnosed thyroid disease-hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism and to study changes in menstrual patterns, if any in these patients during the course of treatment of thyroid disease, who receive correct treatmentMethods: This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Government L.D. Hospital, Government Medical College, Srinagar during the period from 2006 to 2007.  There were two groups under which the study was conducted. Group A: Seventy-five patients of DUB from Department of Gynecology in reproductive age group (15-45 years) presenting with menstrual irregularities like menorrhagia, oligomenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, hypomenorrhoea and ploymenorrhoea were studied for thyroid profile. Group B comprised of 25 patients including already diagnosed 17 hypothyroid and 8 hyperthyroid patients. The study protocol included thorough history taking, general physical examination, meticulous per speculum and pelvic examination and routine investigations like Hb, BT, CT, TLC, DLC, Platelet count and ABO-Rh in all patients, Serum T3, T4, TSH estimation.Results: Most of the patients were in 35-45 years age group. Prevalence of infertility was more in hypothyroid group. 22.66% patients with DUB were detected as hypothyroid where as 13.33% patients were detected as hyperthyroid.Conclusions: Thyroid function tests, many of which are sensitive radioimmunoassay, radiometric assays and even new chemiluminescence method, which can detect minute changes in hormone levels must be done in women presenting with menstrual disorders.

Background: The aim of this study is to know the signicance of meconium stained liquor and its association with perinatal outcome. Methods: The present study is a prospective observational study conducted from August, 2020 on 100 women with meconium stained liquor. Results: Out of 100 patients, 29% presented with Grade-I meconium stained liquor, 43% with grade-II meconium stained liquor and 28% with grade-III meconium stained liquor. 50% of the patients with grade-III meconium stained liquor had abnormal pattern of FHR; caesarean delivery rate was 85.7% in patients with grade-III meconium stained liquor with increased rate of NICU admissions (82.14%) with one neonatal death. Conclusions: In the present study, it was observed that grading of meconium has a bearing on mode of delivery and perinatal outcome. Thick meconium stained liquor is associated with abnormal FHR pattern, operative delivery and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

BACKGROUND Immediate postpartum IUCD insertion is an effective, safe and reversible method of family planning, which provides contraception to women before discharge from the delivery settings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the complications, safety, efficacy and continuation rate of the two routes of insertion (vaginal and caesarean deliveries). MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a descriptive comparative study done at Govt. Dist. Hospital, Kathua, J and K. Cu T Multiload 375 was inserted after obtaining written consent. 75 women from each group, i.e. vaginal and caesarean delivery groups were studied and compared for a period of 6 months. RESULTS 57.33% of women from vaginal group and 60% of women from caesarean group had no complaints. Overall, 12% of women had menstrual disturbances. Expulsion rate was higher in vaginal group (9.33%) and rate of missing strings was higher in caesarean group (17.33%) with removal of Cu T in 10.6% and 17.3% in vaginal and caesarean group respectively. CONCLUSION Both routes of insertion of Cu T, i.e. vaginal and caesarean were found to be safe and effective with good continuation rate (74.66% in vaginal delivery and 88% in caesarean delivery).

Background: Ultrasonography remains the most powerful investigation till now to detect cholelithiasis because of a high sensitivity and practically no side effects involved. Method: This prospective study comprised of 100 patients reporting to the out -patient department of the Department of Surgery of Government Medical College, Kathua between January 2022 to May 2022. These patients were diagnosed with cholelithiasis using USG and underwent surgery for the same. The USG ndings were compared to the intraoperative ndings and conclusions were drawn. The informed consent for the use of their data for the study was taken. The aim of the study was to nd the correlation between the ultrasonographic ndings and the intra-operative nds in cholelithiasis. Results: Ultrasound was shown having a positive predictive value of 94% for detecting cholelithiasis and the sensitivity of the USG for various characteristics was found to be 7.69%, 79.31% and 62.79% for predicting hydrops, wall thickness and acute cholecystitis respectively. Conclusion: The study concluded that ultrasonography is one of the best investigations to detect the presence and absence of the stones, with being a fairly reliant investigation to measure the wall thickness and advanced stages of acute cholecystitis but being a poor investigation for detecting hydrops.