We describe a new species of Cyrtodactylus from Guwahati city in the state of Assam, India and provide additional data on the recently described Cyrtodactylus guwahatiensis. Cyrtodactylus urbanus sp. nov. falls in the newly defined khasiensis group within the Indo-Burma clade of Cyrtodactylus and is the poorly supported sister taxon to Cyrtodactylus khasiensis. The new species differs from other members of the khasiensis group in mitochondrial sequence data (12.5–17.1 % uncorrected pairwise ND2 sequence divergence) as well as aspects of morphology including the number and arrangement of precloacal pores in males, the number of mid-ventral scales and paravertebral tubercles, and colour pattern. This is the second Cyrtodactylus endemic to the Guwahati region, the fourth from Assam and the twelfth from Northeast India.

We sampled snakes of the genus Xenochrophis from across Northeast India. The snakes were evaluated for both morphological and molecular parameters. Phylogenetic relationship was reconstructed using mitochondrial genes (Cytb, 12s rRNA, ND4). The genus Xenochrophis was found to be paraphyletic, X. piscator complex and X. punctulatus form a single clade with Atretium schistosum as their sister taxon. X. cerasogaster forms a distinct lineage. X. vittatus and X. trianguligerus are related to the genus Rhabdophis. Herein it is recommended that X. piscator complex, i.e. X. asperrimus, X. flavipunctatus, X. melanzostus, X. piscator, X. sanctijohannis, X. schnurrenbergeri and X. tytleri, as well as X. punctulatus be reallocated to the genus Fowlea

Northeastern India, one of the Ichthyofaunal hot spot areas of our country, is marked by the presence of varied freshwater fishes,a few adapted to torrential waterflow. River Dhansiri is an important river of Dimapur District of Nagaland, India, which flows through Nagaland –Assam border harbouring rich aquatic flora and fauna. Very little studies have been carried out to document the fish biodiversity of the Dhansiri river till date. In the present study an attempt has been made to access the piscine diversity of this river. The survey results in finding of species of 34 fishes belonging to five (5) orders, thirteen (13) families and twenty four (24) genera. Cyprniformes is the dominant order while Osteoglossiformes is the least common.

A new species of frog belonging to the genus Polypedates Tschudi is described from the state of West Bengal, Eastern India. A mid-sized frog, SVL ranges from 47.9–53.6 mm in males and 72.0 mm in the single female. The species is diagnosable in showing the following suite of characters: digits lack webbing, inner and outer metacarpal tubercles present; no dermal fold on forearm; toes webbed, webbing formula I1–1 II0.5–2III1–2IV2–0.5V; an inner metatarsal tubercle present; tibio-tarsal articulation reaches between eye and nostril; and skin on forehead co-ossified to cranium. Additionally, males possess paired vocal sacs. The new species is compared with known species of the genus Polypedates.

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