Author's summary Seventy percent people are able to recognize chest pain as myocardial infarction (MI) symptoms. There is no difference in awareness of MI symptoms between male and female. There is wide variation in awareness of MI symptoms. The prevalence varies from less than 5% in African countries such as Kenya, Tanzania and in Asian countries such as Nepal to as high as 90% in Germany.

Background: Bond established between the mother and foetus before birth is referred to as maternalfoetal attachment which is inuenced by many factors like cultural, mental, social conditions, marriage, marriage, foetal appearance, family and social support. Literature suggests positive role of spirituality in many chronic illnesses as well as in alleviating stress in pregnant women. So this study aimed to nd out relation between spiritual health and maternal-foetal attachment behaviours in pregnant women. Aim and Objectives: To determine correlation between spiritual health and maternal-foetal attachment behaviours in pregnant women attending at a tertiary care hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan This hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 150 pregnant Materials and Methods: women attending at Mahila Hospital attached to SMS Medical College, Jaipur using pre-validated Maternal-foetal attachment Scale developed by Cranley and Spiritual Health Assessment scale developed by Dr. Mahesh and Dr. Kusum Gaur. Results: Mean age of pregnant women was 24.98 years with standard deviation 3.90 years, distributed almost at equal among urban (58%) and rural (42%) as per residence. Among participants, the mean scores of Maternal-foetal attachment behaviour Scale was 63.67±12.28 and for Spiritual Health Attachment Scale was 41.61±12.92. A positive correlation was observed between maternal-foetal attachment behaviour and spiritual health (p<0.05, r=0.65). This study concludes t Conclusions: hat maternalfoetal attachment behaviours increase with increase in spiritual health of pregnant women. Thus it recommends that by incorporating spirituality during pregnancy is an effective strategy to improved maternal and foetal health by increasing the maternal and foetal attachment behaviours

Introduction: Malnutrition is the most widespread condition affecting the health of children [1]. As recent data shows higher malnutrition in children of urban area and little work has been done in this regard hence this study aims to estimate the magnitude and explore the socio-economic determinants of malnutrition among under -ve children of eld practicing area of UHTC. This would help in better understanding of the issue and future planning. Methods: This Community based, cross-sectional, observational study was done at Sushilpura area from July 2021 to October 2022. Total 360 children under ve year of age were assessed for malnutrition and factors associated. Results: There were 46.7% male and 53.3% female. Majorities (83.9%) were Hindus and were nuclear families (68.3%). Only 6.4 percent families were higher socioeconomic status while only 7.2% households were lowest socioeconomic status. Around one fourth subjects were from ST/SC categories. The prevalence of under nutrition was 56.4%. Overall stunting was about 35.3% with 4.2% of severe stunting; moreover about 21.1% had wasting with 5.6% of severe wasting. Sex, religion, caste, family size, socio economic status, livestock in house, ventilation of house, overcrowding were signicant factors associated with malnutrition. Conclusion: under-nutrition is high among children of Sushilpura, an urban dwelling of Jaipur city. One third was stunted and every fth child was wasted too. Low socioeconomic status, less educated parents, poor sanitation, female sex, birth order, lack of exclusive breast feeding, nuclear family, higher number of episodes of acute diarrhea in last one year were important associated factors. Presence of domestic livestock and absence of overcrowding were positive factor for preventing malnutrition.

Introduction: Orphans are the special group of children who are generally deprived and prone to develop behavioral and emotional problems even reared in well run institution. Aim: To study the prevalence and types of emotional and behavioral problems of orphans living in institutional homes in Jaipur city. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive type of observational study conducted using Strength and Difculty questionnaire on children and adolescents aged between 4 and 17 years living in various in Governmental, nongovernmental Institutional homes (orphanages) of Jaipur city under the supervision of Preventive and Social Medicine Department, SMS medical college, Jaipur, Rajasthan from March 2021 to November 2022. Results: In our study Emotional and behavioural Problems Prevalence was 10.6%.Higher risk of emotional and behavioural problems found in Boys of age group 4-11, Abandoned by family with admission age of more than 10 years and more than1 year stay in institutional home. Conduct problem is most prevalent among orphans followed by peer and emotional problems, least common problem was abnormal prosocial behaviour and hyperactivity

IntroductionIndia is responsible for the second-highest maternal deaths and the greatest burden of stillbirths worldwide. The cost of intranatal services is an important determining factor, especially in developing countries like India. Most studies report the cost of delivery from the patient's perspective, but there is a lack of studies from the health system's perspective. This present study aimed to bridge this gap by estimating the overall and unit costs of various types of deliveries at a tertiary-level hospital in Rajasthan, India. MethodsThe cost estimation of intranatal services was conducted in a tertiary-level teaching hospital in Jaipur, Rajasthan. This cost analysis undertook the health system's perspective, using bottom-up costing methodology. Data on all the resources (capital/recurrent) used for the delivery of intranatal care from April 2020 to March 2021 were collected. Sensitivity analysis was done to account for any variability in cost components on overall intranatal service cost. ResultsThe annual cost of intranatal care services at the tertiary care hospital was INR 149,011,957 (USD 1,988,152). The unit cost per vaginal delivery was INR 8,244.4 (USD 109.9) and the unit cost per cesarean section was INR 10,696.2 (USD 142.7). Among various heads of expenditure, 'human resource' costs were predominant, accounting for 47.7% of the total costs, followed by 'building/space' and 'overhead' costs, accounting for 30.59% and 11.1%, respectively. ConclusionThe results may help plan and manage intra-natal care services in Rajasthan. Apart from the judicious utilization of resources, the findings of the study may also serve as a basis for future health economic studies.