Introduction: Bio-medical waste" (BMW)is a term which means any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of biological or in health camps including the categories mentioned in Schedule I appended to these rules1.BMWM rules were made in 1998, and revised in 2016 which includes 18 rules ,04 schedules and 05 forms, in our hospital, health care personnel too needed to reinforce the revised BMWM 2016 guidelines. Our aim of this study is to determine the existing knowledge, awareness and practice about the BMWM rules 2016 in this tertiary care hospital. Material and Method: This study was an cross-sectional study conducted with a duration of 3 months from October 2018 to January 2019 in a tertiary care hospital, Rajasthan, India. A total of 150 healthcare personnel which include 75 doctors (36 senior residents and 39 junior residents), 40 nurses and 35 laboratory technicians consented for interview and observations. Result: We found out that technicians (89.95%) and nurses (88.87%) have more knowledge regarding BMWM then doctors(85.82%). But doctors (82.20%) are more aware for proper management than nurses (73.80%) and technicians (64.0%). Doctors(80.87%) and nurses (82%) are practicing these norms more than technicians(59%). Conclusion:This study shows that Doctors, nurses and laboratory technicians all had knowledge and awareness regarding revision of biomedical waste management rules in 2016, but laboratory technicians are lagging in practicing them. Strong implementations of rules should be followed in institution and regular training should be held for staff.

Blood is a specialized bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells, such as oxygen and nutrients and transports waste products away from these cells. It is composed of cells (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets) and plasma. Till date no substitute of blood is formed therefore transfusion of donated blood is the mainstay of treatment in medical or surgical conditions. Blood must be transfused while keeping precautions because, blood and its components can cause side effects in recipient such as transfusion reactions or transmission of transfusion transmissible disease like HbsAg, HCV, HIV, Syphilis and malaria. It is very important for clinicians to be aware of these potential risks and hence blood should be transfused in conditions where it is needed only. This study aims to evaluate the pattern of blood component usage, its demand and utilization in a tertiary care hospital.This is a retrospective cohort study in which data concerning request and utilization of blood and its products from January 2019 to December 2019 in blood bank of tertiary care hospital were collected and analyzed.The blood units issued were 5190. Packed red blood cell was the most utilized product. Supply of blood was maximum to the surgical wards followed by medicine ward. The patients of anemia followed by surgery required packed red blood cells mostly. Most common indication for blood products was anemia. Periodic review of blood component usage is important to assess the utilization pattern of blood in any hospital.