Aim: To determine the prevalence of Rotavirus diarrhea among children up to 2 years of age Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Khairpur Medical College Hospital Khairpur Mir’s, Pakistan from June 2019 and December 2020. Methodology: The children's clinical profiles were examined, and the presence of rotavirus antigen in their stool with the ELISA method was detected. Results: The study included a total of 135 children who were suffering from diarrhea, among them 65 (48.14%) were boys, and 70 (51.85%) were girls. It was observed that minimum participation was from zero to 5 months (n=27, 20%), and a maximum number of the patients were in the age group 6 to 12 months (n=41, 30.37%). Rotavirus diarrhea was reported in 48.88% (n=66) of the children. In the age group of 19 to 24 months, 55.88% were Rotavirus positive. No significant association between the age and presence and absence of Rotavirus has been observed. (X2= 1.3241, P=0.723). A significant association has been observed between the feeding habits and the occurrence of Rotavirus diarrhea. (X2= 26.5539, P< 0.00001) Conclusion: Rotavirus infection was found in 48.88 % of these children, and there is a link between rotavirus infection and the method of feeding. Keywords: Infant, Diarrhea, Rotavirus, Breastfeeding

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), as the name suggests, is  a  condition  wherein  there  is  a reflux of the contents of the stomach towards the oesophagus, which eventually leads to pathological changes in the oesophagus itself if not managed at an early stage appropriately. Here we present a case of a 6 month old infant who presented with a history of repeated cough, fever, difficulty in breathing and poor weight gain. Various  physicians  saw  the  infant,  however,  due  to  worsening  symptoms  and no relief, the infant presented to the paediatric emergency department of the  Abbasi  Shaheed  Hospital. An initial management for pneumonia was done  but  there  was  a  persistence  of  symptoms even after clearance of the pneumonic patch. An upper gastrointestinal (GI) imaging  study,  including Barium swallow and fluoroscopy was done to evaluate the anatomy of the upper gastrointestinal tract    which showed mild to moderate reflux but no strictures, stenosis, achalasia or gastric outlet obstruction. The infant was managed via medical intervention and lifestyle counselling. On follow-up, the infant improved clinically and gained weight. It is extremely important in such  cases  to  have  a  strong clinical suspicion of Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) which may lead to GERD, while assessing  the  patient's signs and symptoms and to  support  the  diagnosis  of  GERD  with  appropriate  investigations and management.

The aim of this study is to analyze the introduction of early continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) for children admitted in PICU in correcting respiratory distress with or without hypoxaemia and impending respiratory failure in order to improve respiratory function, avoid the need for mechanical ventilation and its complications. Objective: To determine the outcome of early bubble CPAP in children admitted in paediatric intensive care of Abbasi Shaheed hospital. Methods: This pilot study is being conducted in paediatric intensive care of paediatric unit 2 department at Abbasi Shaheed hospital Karachi. The study was conducted from march 2016 to December 2016. The study design was cross-sectional study and sample technique was non probability(purposive).Total 70 patients of both genders having age ranging between 0-12years exhibiting clinical features of respiratory distress with hypoxaemia (SpO2 <92%) and impending respiratory failure initially received oxygen supplementation through bCPAP delivered via an underwater tube through nasal prongs. Data regarding outcome after receiving bCPAP and need for mechanical ventilation was collected and analyzed. Results: Oxygen was initiated by bCPAP in 70 patients. Out of these, forty-one (58.5%) were male and twenty-nine (41.2%) were females. The age group ranges from 0-12years. Forty-nine (70%) patients survived after bCPAP and shift to ward. Twenty-one (30%) were intubated for worsening distress and hypoxaemia. Eight (11.4%) were removed from vent, put on bCPAP and survived. Ten (14.2%) expired on ventilatory support. Conclusion: According to our results early bubble CPAP supplementation helps in correcting respiratory illness and contributes to reduce the number of children requiring endotracheal tube intubation and mechanical ventilation. In addition to the benefits mentioned above, it is a simple device which can be made locally, very cheap and effective.