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Purpose:  To compare the Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) measurements by three different devices in normal eyes. Study Design:  Cross sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study:  Dow University of Health Sciences and Dr. Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, from October 2020 to January 2021. Methods:  80 eyes of healthy subjects aged between 20 to 50 years were included in the study. Patients with corneal pathologies, systemic disease, history of ocular surgery or trauma, high intraocular pressure and high refractive error were excluded. Subjects underwent full ophthalmic examination. Central Corneal Thickness was measured by specular microscope (Shin-Nippon SPM-700; Rexxam Co. Ltd, Takamatsu, Japan), optical biometer (AL-Scan; Nidek, Gamagori, Japan) and corneal topographer (TMS-5; Tomey corporation, Nagoya, Japan). All data entry and analysis was done on SPSS version 23. For correlation among devices, Pearson correlation coefficient was used. Scatter plot was drawn for graphical presentation. Results:  80 eyes of 80 healthy subjects (50 males, 30 females) were recruited in the study by convenient sampling. The mean age was 37.76 ± 8.35 years. Mean Central Corneal Thickness values were 515.57 ± 31.54 µm, 510.21 ± 30.11 µm, 522.03 ± 29.78 µm with specular microscope, optical biometer and corneal topographer respectively. Measurements by these devices strongly correlate with each other using Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.927 to 0.966, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion:  The results of Central Corneal Thickness measurements obtained from these three devices positively correlate with each other so any of these devices can be used for its measurement. Key Words:  Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), Specular microscope, Optical biometer, Corneal topographer.

Purpose:  To determine the relationship between screen time and dry eye: A hospital based study. Study Design:  Cross sectional, observational. Place and Duration of Study:  Helper’s eye hospital, Quetta from June 2020 to August 2021. Methods:  There were 62 subjects, age 13 – 71 years, either gender with dry eye symptoms, normal anterior and posterior segment and daily use of screen devices such as mobile and laptop. Tear film break-up time was performed in all the patients to confirm dry eye using fluorescein strip. Screen time per day was graded as mild (< 2 hours), moderate (2 – 6 hours) and marked (> 6 hours). Chi square test was performed for data analysis on SPSS version 23 and P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:  Mean age of the patients was 44.34 ± 16.43. There were 66.1% females and 33.9% males. The commonest symptom was itching (35.5%). Tear film break up time test was positive in 37 (59.7%). Out of 18 patients with mild screen time, 10 (55.5 %) subjects had dry eye. Out of the 23 subjects with moderate screen time, 17 (73.9%) had dry eye while out of 21 subjects with severe screen time, 10 (47.6%) had dry eye. The results of our study were not statistically significant with p value 0.189. Conclusion:  There is no association between increased screen time and the dry eye. However, care must be taken to prevent the discomfort arising from excessive screen time.