A magnetic cotton/polyester fabric with photocatalytic, sonocatalytic, antibacterial and antifungal activities was successfully prepared through in-situ sonosynthesis method under ultrasound irradiation. The process involved the oxidation of Fe(2+) to Fe(3+) via hydroxyl radicals generated through bubbles collapse in ultrasonic bath. The treated samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. Photocatalytic and sonocatalytic activities of magnetite treated fabrics were also evaluated toward Reactive Blue 2 decoloration under sunlight and ultrasound irradiation. Central composite design based on response surface methodology was applied to study the influence of iron precursor, pH and surfactant concentration to obtain appropriate amount for the best magnetism. Findings suggested the potential of one-pot sonochemical method to synthesize and fabricate Fe3O4 nanoparticles on cotton/polyester fabric possessing appropriate saturation magnetization, 95% antibacterial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus and 99% antifungal effect against Candida albicans, 87% and 70% dye photocatalytic and sonocatalytic decoloration along with enhanced mechanical properties using only one iron rich precursor at low temperature.

This research aimed at sonochemical synthesis and deposition of Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposites on cotton/polyester fabric using the ultrasonic bath at 80℃. For this purpose, in situ sonosynthesis of magnetite nanoparticles on the fabric surface was carried out and followed by the generation of crystalline ZnO nanoparticles through the sonochemical approach, eliminating the need for high temperature after-treatment of the fabrics. This effect was achieved thanks to the shock waves formed by the cavitation bubbles also called microcalcination, resulting in the formation and adsorption of crystalline nanomaterials on the fabric surface. Magnetic properties with saturation magnetization of 1.5 emu/g, self-cleaning activities toward methylene blue discoloration, and excellent antibacterial and antifungal properties along with low cell toxicity were among the obtained properties. The current study is the first research indicating the potential of the sonochemical method to produce non-toxic cotton/polyester fabric with various properties including magnetic, photocatalytic, and antibacterial activities.

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Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is used in rapid compaction of materials in order to achieve higher compact density and in improving mechanical strength and toughness. However, implants produced by SPS do not have preferred positions for formation of a bone-like apatite layer on their surface due to their high density. Biphasic-calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics consisting of stable hydroxyapatite (HAp) and soluble tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) are developed to achieve a controllable biodegradation rate and biological stability by adjusting the TCP/HAp ratio. The primary goal of this study is to improve mechanical properties and bioactivity of implants. HAp/20 wt% Ti nanocomposite powders were chosen for bulk, and also HAp/TCP nanocomposite powders were chosen for coatings with weight percentages of 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75, respectively. The samples were sintered for 5 min at a compaction pressure of 30 MPa and at different temperatures of 650 and 750 • C. The phase changes of the coatings are studied by X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties such as interfacial toughness are investigated. The results show that amount of TCP increases with increasing sintering temperature in HAp/ 75 wt% TCP coating, however no significant change was observed in amount of TCP in HAp/25 wt% TCP coating. Also, the maximum value of interfacial toughness is equal to 34 MPa mm 1/2 , which was obtained for 75 wt% HAp-25 wt% TCP coating sintered at 750 • C.