Botnets, groups of malware-infected hosts controlled by malicious actors, have gained prominence in an era of pervasive computing and the Internet of Things. Botnets have shown a capacity to perform substantial damage through distributed denial-of-service attacks, information theft, spam and malware propagation. In this paper, a systematic literature review on botnets is presented to the reader in order to obtain an understanding of the incentives, evolution, detection, mitigation and current trends within the field of botnet research in pervasive computing. The literature review focuses particularly on the topic of botnet detection and the proposed solutions to mitigate the threat of botnets in system security. Botnet detection and mitigation mechanisms are categorised and briefly described to allow for an easy overview of the many proposed solutions. The paper also summarises the findings to identify current challenges and trends within research to help identify improvements for further botnet mitigation research.

Biometric systems are getting integrated into our daily life as the needs for authentication are increased rapidly. In smartphones fingerprint and face identification are used already widely as a method for user authentication. A relatively novel area of biometrics is the usage of plantar biometrics, foot sole features, to verify human identities. There are several approaches to utilise plantar biometrics but most of the proposed approaches require bulky, obtrusive or an immobile design. In this paper, we introduce a unobtrusive biometric system based on a shoe wearable, which is able to authenticate individuals with the assistance of Neural Network Classifier. The implemented system is evaluated on 10 individuals achieving 94.3% accuracy with a loss of 1.87. Furthermore, the learning and authentication part takes place on the edge which has numerous benefits towards the performance but also the security aspects of the system. CCS CONCEPTS• Human-centered computing → Ubiquitous and mobile computing; • Computer systems organization → Embedded systems; • Security and privacy → Biometrics.