We provide portable, on-demand micropower generation by developing paper-based biobatteries that can deliver on-chip energy to the next generation of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic platforms. This work creates a low-cost, disposable, long shelf life and eco-friendly micro-power source that can be easily integrated in paper-based POC devices and be readily activated by one drop of saliva, which is readily, available in any challenging area. We created a high-performance, paper based, bacteria-powered battery by building microbial fuel cells with inactive, lyophilized (or freeze-dried) exoelectrogenic cells, allowing for a long shelf life, and that generate power within minutes of adding saliva. An oxygen-tight interface and engineered conductive paper reservoir achieved significant performance boosts from maximized microbial electron transfer efficiency. Exoelectrogenic bacteria pre-inoculated in the paper battery was freeze-dried for long-term storage (in this work, the bacteria cells were stored for up to four months) and could be readily rehydrated for on-demand power generation. Sixteen MFCs were incorporated on a single sheet of paper while This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. 2 all were connected in series with two electrical switches mounted on a paper circuit board and produced more than enough electrical energy to power an on-chip, light-emitting diode (LED).

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