Synthetic pesticides are widely applied for pest and disease control in Indonesia. However, a lack of knowledge and use of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for safe pesticide usage among Indonesian farmers remains a problem. This study aims to investigate the gap between farmers' knowledge of GAP for safe pesticide usage and their application of it. This research was conducted in 2020 in five Indonesian provinces. Primary data collection was by means of a survey, in which 298 respondents answered structured questionnaires. The survey also identified the sources of the information recorded and the respondents' experience of pesticide exposure. The analysis tools used were the Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). There were significant differences in the results of the first analysis. These results appear to confirm the results of further analysis using IPA, which show that a high level of knowledge does not mean that farmers will apply this knowledge in practice: this is particularly relevant to wearing gloves and masks, using tools to remove blockages, never clearing blocked nozzles by blowing into them, and disposing of empty containers properly. Nevertheless, in some cases high levels of knowledge do result in high levels of application. Cases of pesticide exposure affecting human health by causing symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and vomiting confirm that GAP for pesticide usage are not being implemented properly by some farmers. It is therefore recommended that their knowledge should be enhanced through the series of technical training programs using participatory approaches, so that farmers accumulate knowledge which will drive them to adopt GAP for safe pesticide usage.

ABSTRAKLima tahun setelah krisis ekonomi yang akut melanda Indonesia (1997), proses pemulihan kehidupan berjalan sangat lambat. Masih dibutuhkan upaya untuk mengidentifikasi cara meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarga. Tulisan ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian dengan judul yang sama, dengan tujuan (1) mengidentifikasi kesejahteraan keluarga di perkotaan dan pedesaan sebelum dan selama krisis ekonomi, (2) mengidentifikasi dampak krisis ekonomi terhadap penghasilan dan pengeluaran keluarga di daerah pedesaan dan perkotaan, (3) menganalisis upaya yang dipilih keluarga dalam menyikapi dampak krisis dan tingkat keberhasilan dan kepuasannya, dan (4) mengevaluasi peran pemerintah dan kelembagaan lokal dalam mendukung upaya keluarga menanggulangi dampak krisis. Dari penelitian ini terlihat bahwa proporsi masyarakat yang berada di bawah garis kemiskinan di pedesaan dan perkotaan meningkat selama tahun 1997-2001. Pendapatan riil keluarga di pedesaan sebelum dan sesudah krisis tahun 1998 menurun sebesar 26,7 persen dan diperkotaan 48,7 persen, akibat meningkatnya harga-harga barang kebutuhan pokok. Selama tahun 2000-2001 ada perbaikan dalam pendapatan keluarga. Sebagai dampak dari penurunan pendapatan riil, keluarga mengurangi konsumsi ikan,daging dan makanan jadi. Pada sisi lain ada peningkatan konsumsi makanan dengan bahan baku kedelai, seperti tahu dan tempe. Pengeluaran untuk non-makanan juga menurun secara nyata di daerah pedesaan dan perkotaan. Diantara 31 strategi yang dipilih keluarga dalam menyikapi dampak krisis, strategi yang paling efektif adalah mengurangi pengeluaran untuk makanan dan nonmakanan dan meningkatkan produktivitas usaha. Dengan menggunakan structural equation model, factor yang secara nyata berpengaruh terhadap strategi yang dipilih keluarga dalam menyikapi dampak krisis adalah jumlah anggota keluarga dan tingkat pendapatan. Dukungan pemerintah dan masyarakat melalui berbagai program seperti Jaringan Pengamanan Sosial (JPS) memberikan dampak nyata pada upaya keluarga menyikapi krisis, namun untuk wilayah perkotaan upaya ini belum berfungsi efektif. Kata kunci : krisis ekonomi, kesejahteraan, strategi, pendapatan keluarga ABSTRACTIndonesia's economic crisis has not been over five years afterward. This research was aimed (1) to assess the welfare of the people located in rural and urban areas before and after the economic crisis, (2) strategies chosen by households in the rural and urban areas and assess their effectiveness, and (4) to evaluate the role of government and local institutions in supporting these family-coping strategies. This research revealed that the proportion of population below the poverty line both in urban and rural areas increased for the period of 1997-2001. The level of income before and after the crisis in 1998 revealed that 48.7 percent of families in the urban areas and 26.7 percent in the rural areas had declined. However, during the period of 2000-2001 their households' income improved. An assessment of the impact on family expenditures showed that consumption of fish,...

Gender Equality in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been exclusively developed but, most of our current economies and societies are not able to fully contribute or equally benefit from them. When zooming in, women are generally more excluded than men. Indonesia as the leading of palm oil producing country and given the vital role that women and girls play in the management, care, and use of Palm Oil, the Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) framework is important to review. This paper aims to review the performance of GESI framework in the Indonesian palm oil sector and links the discussion with SDG 5 (Gender Equality) using qualitative methods, which data and information have been collected through observation, key informant interviews and secondary data. The framework focus on the marginalized groups. The results show that the palm oil industry can improve the gender equality and inclusivity for creating economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable palm oil supply chains and sectors. We need roll out the Gender Assessment to map out the actual roles, inclusivity and involvement of women in the respective area.

Central Lampung is a pineapple production center that supplies fresh pineapples for national demand. On the other hand, Sub-optimal production and marketing, which are still controlled by middlemen, are the main problems in pineapple development. The research aims to identify the potential and needs for innovation, and to formulate a strategy for developing pineapple based on farmer cooperations. The research was conducted from September 2020 in Punggur District, Lampung. Data collection was carried out through a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews with local champions. The SWOT approach as well as IFE and EFE analysis have been determine to the best strategy. The results showed that farmers used the Queen variety from 1970, so that, the quality production decreased. The innovations needed are mainly related to cultivation (irrigation, crop rotation, control of pests). The existence of Farmer-Owned Enterprises in collaboration with BUMDES has the potential to be reactivated into a farmer corporation. The IFE and EFE analysis showed that the strategy that needs to be taken is the development strategy (SO strategy). Therefor, Policies that need to be followed is increasing: The role and skills of extension workers; and the role of farmers group or corporation in pineapple production and marketing.