No abstract

OBJETIVOS: Caracterizar, comparar e classificar o desempenho de escolares do 2º ao 5º ano do ensino público segundo a semiologia dos erros. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 120 escolares do 2º ao 5º ano de escola pública municipal de Marília-SP, sendo 30 de cada série, divididos em quatro grupos: GI (2º ano); GII (3º ano); GIII (4º ano); e GIV (5º ano). Como procedimento foram aplicadas as provas do Pro-Ortografia: versão coletiva (escrita de letras do alfabeto, ditado randomizado das letras do alfabeto, ditado de palavras, ditado de pseudopalavras, ditado com figuras, escrita temática induzida por figura) e versão individual (ditado de frases, erro proposital, ditado soletrado, memória lexical ortográfica). RESULTADOS: Houve diferença na comparação intergrupos, indicando melhor desempenho dos escolares a cada série subsequente, na maior parte das provas da versão coletiva e individual. Com o avanço da seriação escolar, os grupos apresentaram menor média de erros na escrita. CONCLUSÃO: O perfil de aquisição da ortografia do sistema de escrita do Português observado em escolares do ensino público é indicativo do funcionamento normal de desenvolvimento da escrita infantil.

The syndrome of transient headache and neurologic deficits associated with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is characterized by 1 or more episodes of severe headache, transient neurologic deficits, and lymphocytic pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid. It is a benign and self limited disorder seldom reported in pediatric age. We report the case of a 14-year-old girl who suffered from 2 episodes of headache with transient focal neurologic deficits and pleocytosis consistent with the syndrome of HaNDL. This entity should be taken into account as a differential diagnosis in otherwise healthy children presenting with recurrent headache and acute neurologic deficits. Repeated use of invasive and expensive laboratory and imaging investigations can be avoided when the diagnosis of the syndrome of HaNDL is correctly established.

These figures are in keeping with similar studies and emphasize the importance of diagnosis and management of MG in elderly populations. Muscle Nerve 54: 413-421, 2016.

Although most countries state that fighting social intolerance against persons with HIV is part of their national HIV strategy, the impact of reducing intolerance on risky sexual behavior is largely unknown. In this paper, we estimate the effect of social intolerance against HIV+ persons on risky sexual behavior in rural Malawi using data from roughly 2,000 respondents from the 2004 and 2006 waves of the Malawi Longitudional Study of Families and Health (MLSFH). The effect of social intolerance on risky behavior is a priori ambiguous. On the one hand, higher social intolerance or stigma can lead people to disassociate from the stigmatized group and hence promote risky behavior. On the other hand, intolerance can be viewed as a social tax on being HIV+ and thus higher intolerance may reduce risky behavior. We find that a decrease in social intolerance is associated with a decrease in risky behavior, including fewer partners and a lower likelihood of having extra-marital relations. This effect is mainly driven by the impact of social intolerance on men. Overall the results suggests that reducing social intolerance might not only benefit the HIV positive but might also forestall the spread of HIV.