Summary Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and its type II receptor AMHR2, both previously thought to primarily function in gonadal tissue, were unexpectedly identified as potent regulators of TGF-β/BMP signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cancer. AMH is a TGF-β/BMP superfamily member, and AMHR2 heterodimerizes with type I receptors (ALK2, ALK3) also used by the type II receptor for BMP (BMPR2). AMH signaling regulates expression of BMPR2, ALK2 and ALK3, supports AKT-NFκB and SMAD survival signaling, and influences BMP-dependent signaling in NSCLC. AMH and AMHR2 are selectively expressed in epithelial versus mesenchymal cells, and loss of AMH/AMHR2 induces EMT. Independent induction of EMT reduces expression of AMH and AMHR2. Importantly, EMT associated with depletion of AMH or AMHR2 results in chemoresistance, but sensitizes cells to the HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib. Recognition of this AMH/AMHR2 axis helps to further elucidate TGF-β/BMP resistance-associated signaling and suggests new strategies for therapeutic targeting of EMT.

In many languages, word order plays a role parallel to morphological features, such as case marking and verbal agreement, in that it encodes basic relationships between syntactic elements, e.g., a verb and its core argument(s), or a head noun and its dependent(s). This chapter presents a summary of basic word order and related phenomena in the context of the Indigenous languages of Australia. Australian languages have been noted for their variability with respect to the ordering of words and/or constituents, though most show statistical preference for a single order, most commonly SOV or SVO. The chapter presents a summary of sentence- or utterance-level word and constituent order in both Pama-Nyungan and non-Pama-Nyungan languages. This is followed by an overview of word order phenomena in noun phrases.