The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of childhood malnutrition on salivary flow rate and pH. Four hundred children between 3-12 years were selected for this study. The children were divided into two main groups according to their nutrition status, Group (A): two hundred children representing the malnourished children, Group (B): two hundred children representing the control group. Within Group (A) Children were further divided into 2 subgroups, subgroup (1): one hundred stunted children and subgroup (2): one hundred underweight children. Every child was subjected to unstimulated and stimulated saliva flow and pH measurements and caries status evaluation using dmf index for primary and DMF index for permanent teeth. The results showed undernutrition (underweight) and stunting reduced the secretion rate of stimulated saliva and no effect on unstimulated salivary flow rate or saliva pH. Moreover, undernutrition (underweight) increased the caries index of primary teeth, while stunting increased the caries index of permanent teeth. It was concluded that malnutrition causes enamel hypoplasia, salivary gland hypofunction and saliva compositional changes and these might be the mechanisms through which malnutrition associated with caries.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two mouth rinses (pomegranate fresh juice and pomegranate peel extract), against chlorhexidine mouthwash on salivary S.mutans count in a group of Egyptian children. Material and Methods: A total of 45 Egyptian children from both sex were included in this study. Children age ranging from 5 to 10 years old in a good physical condition. Children randomly were distributed into three Groups A, B & C, each of 15 children in each group. Group A (using pomegranate fresh juice): consisted of fifteen children, each participant was instructed to rinse with 35ml of pomegranate fresh juice wash about 2 minutes. Group B (using pomegranate peel extract): consisted of fifteen children, each participant was instructed to rinse with 35ml of pomegranate peel extract wash about 2 minutes. Group C (Control group chlorhexidine mouthwash 0.2%): consisted of fifteen children, each participant was instructed to rinse with 35ml of chlorhexidine mouthwash wash about 2 minutes. Results: There was a significant reduction in mean Streptococcus mutans count in the 3 groups after the study. Conclusions: Pomegranate (peel & juice) mouthwash was successful as an antimicrobial agents. It significantly reduced the total bacterial count in the saliva of children when compared by a potent antiseptic like 0.2% chlorhexidine.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of some common children's drinks on color stability of nanocomposite and nanoglass ionomer. A hundred test specimens of two restorative materials (Filtek Z350; 3M and Ketac N100; 3M were prepared using a Teflon mold (8x2 mm). Baseline measurements of color and surface roughness of each specimen were made and specimens (n=10) were immersed in 5 groups: G1: orange juice, G2: guava juice, G3: Strawberry milk; G4: Chocolate milk, and G5: Distilled water (control. Final measurements of color and surface roughness were performed and the results submitted to statistical analysis (2-way ANOVA, p<0.05). Their was no statisically significant difference between mean color change for both materials and the most significant color change was observed for specimens when immersed in orange juice (p<0.05). With regard to roughness, nanoglass ionomer showed the most significant changes when immersed in orange juice (p<0.05). It was concluded that color changes were dependent on the immersion media rather than the material used while surface roughness was dependent on both material type and immersion media.

Purpose: A comparative evaluation of Aloe Barbadensis plant extract and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate as pulpotomy agents in primary molars. Materials and methods: Thirty eight Children, aged between 4 to 8 years old of both sexes, 20 girls and 18 boys were included in this study. Pulpotomy was made in primary molars, it was divided into two groups. The first group included 32 teeth indicated for pulpotomy with NeoMTA and the second group included 32 teeth indicated for pulpotomy treated with Aloe vera .Clinical and radiographic follow up were made for each child after 1,3 and 6 months. Results: NeoMTA showed higher clinical success results than Aloe vera after 3 and 6 months,Chi square test shown a significant difference statistically between groups in all of its clinical findings and in the overall clinical and radiographic success 6 months after treatment. Conclution: Upon comparison between Aloe vera and NeoMTA as a pulpotomy medications NeoMTA showed better results clinically and radiographically.NeoMTA TM (NuSmile, Huston, USA) a pure MTA. Gel used for mixing as it makes easier mixing and application for pediatric patients.

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to access post-operative clinical as well as radiographic success of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Diode Laser and Antioxidant mix as pulpotomy agents for human primary molars. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 primary molars that had deep carious lesion and need pulpotomy treatment from 38 healthy and cooperative patients, aged 5-8 years old were chosen for this study. After removal of the coronal tissue and depending on the type of radicular pulp medicament, the teeth were divided randomly and equally into three groups; Group I (MTA), Group II(Diode Laser) and Group III (Antioxidant mix). Treatments in all groups were completed with Glass Ionomer restoration then stainless steel crowns. Results:The cumulative clinical and radiographic success rates after 6 months follow up were 100%, 90% and 85% for the MTA, Diode Laser and Antioxidant mix pulpotomy groups respectively. Conclusion: MTA, Lasers and Antioxidant mix used for primary teeth pulpotomy had a more advanced success rate on follow-up. Statistically, no significance difference was found between the three study groups in the overall clinical and radiographic success rate.