There is an antigen presenting cell (APC) in the lymphoid organs capable of presenting exogenous antigen (Ag) with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. This study was initiated to isolate clones of these APC to definitively establish their phenotype and to further study their properties. Murine bone marrow macrophages (BM M psi) were immortalized by overexpression myc and raf oncogenes. Five BM M psi cell lines were generated that are phagocytic and expressed at their surface M psi differentiation Ag. All five cell lines processed and presented exogenous ovalbumin (OVA) with MHC class I molecules. They all presented OVA-linked to a phagocytic substrate 10(2)-10(4)-fold more efficiently than soluble Ag. Clonal isolates of two of the M psi cell lines had an identical phenotype and functional properties as the uncloned lines. These results definitively establish that M psi are APC with the capacity of presenting exogenous Ag with MHC class I molecules. Interferon (IFN)-gamma interleukin-4, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and lipopolysaccharide either alone or in combination induced little or no augmentation and in some cases decreased presentation of exogenous OVA with MHC class I. In contrast, all of M psi activating factors increased MHC class I expression. Moreover, IFN-gamma increased the presentation of cytosolic OVA, demonstrating differences between the presentation of cytosolic Ag versus exogenous Ag with MHC class I. Finally, some lines constitutively processed and presented exogenous OVA with MHC class II while others only presented after stimulation with IFN-gamma. These results demonstrate that the pathways involved in the presentation of exogenous Ag with MHC class I and class II are independently regulated and that a cloned cell is capable of presenting exogenous Ag through both pathways.

The objective of this study is to know the process of storage, distribution, maintenance and control on logistic management of medical equipment at Padang Port Health Office. This research uses qualitative approach. The result of the study shows that the policy is guided by the Guidelines of Medical Device Management in Health Facilities in 2015 and regulations related to the management of state property but the existing policy has not been socialized to all health equipment managers and has not been downgraded in the form of technical guidelines or standard operating procedures. Human resources are less in terms of quality and quantity. The budgets are still lacking primarily. Infrastructure are still lacking mainly for the storage of medical equipment and warehouses. Implementation of storage, distribution, maintenance and control of health equipment logistic has not been implemented properly. The function test for 357 medical devices obtained 45 units (12,60%) of medical equipment can not be functioned, 3 units (0,84%) of health equipment can not be tested because there is no officer available and 21 units (5,88%) unknown health equipment.

Penerapan Budaya 5R (Ringkas, Rapi, Resik, Rawat, Dan Rajin) di kelompok belajar binaan RW 06 Komplek Kodam Jaya perlu dibuat dan dikelola secara berkesinambungan agar kelompok belajar ini dapat mencapai sebuah kesuksesan dalam proses dan hasil sehingga setiap harinya nanti anak-anak akan terbiasa dengan budaya yang rapih. Prinsip 5R (Ringkas, Rapi, Resik, Rawat, Dan Rajin) merupakan salah satu prinsip kerja yang berasal dari Jepang dan telah banyak digunakan pada perusahaan besar di seluruh dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi memberikan penyuluhan dalam pengimplementasian atau penerapan prinsip 5S pada setiap aktivitas sehari- hari dalam perkumpulan ini. Jenis penelitian ini dilakuakn dengan memberikan penyuluhan mengenai 5R dalam hal umum yang dapat diterapkan di kehidupan sehari-hari bahkan bisa jadikan budaya yang harus dipertahankan.  Kelompok Belajar Binaan RW 06 Komplek Kodam Jatiwaringin kurang lebih berjumlah 20-25 anak- anak tingkat dasar hingga tingkat pertama. Penyuluhan ini memberikan hasil penerapan 5R dalam organisasi tersebut yang akan membuat kelompok ini dalam usia kanak-kanak hingga remaja sudah bisa mengatur hidup dan kesehariannya dengan teratur.