These results indicate that two major cannabinoid compounds found in marijuana, THC and CBD, are effective treatments for Li-induced vomiting; however, only THC acts by the CB1 receptor. The effects of THC and CBD on vomiting were dose dependent; with THC the effect was linear, but with CBD the effect was biphasic.

A low dose of the non-intoxicating cannabinoid CBD may be an effective anti-emetic treatment and combined doses of OND and delta9-THC that are ineffective alone suppresses cisplatin-induced emetic reactions in shrews.

Considerable evidence implicates the endocannabinoid system as a neuromodulator of nausea and vomiting. The action of anandamide (AEA) can be prolonged by inhibiting its degradation, through the use of URB597 (URB), a Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme inhibitor. Here we present evidence that the FAAH inhibitor, URB, interferes with cisplatin- and nicotine -induced vomiting in the Suncus murinus. In Experiment 1, shrews were injected with URB (0.9 mg/kg) or vehicle 120 min prior to the behavioral testing. They received a second injection of AEA (5 mg/kg) or vehicle 15 min prior to being injected with cisplatin (20 mg/kg) or saline and the number of vomiting episodes were counted for 60 min. In Experiment 2, shrews were injected with vehicle or URB (0.9 mg/kg) 120 min prior to receiving an injection of nicotine (5 mg/kg) or saline and the number of vomiting episodes were counted for 15 min. Experiment 3 evaluated the potential of the CB1 antagonist, SR141716, to reverse the effect of URB on nicotine-induced vomiting. URB attenuated vomiting produced by cisplatin and nicotine and the combination of URB+AEA suppressed vomiting produced by cisplatin. The effect of URB on nicotine-induced vomiting was reversed by SR141716. These data suggest that the EC system plays a tonic role in the regulation of toxin-induced vomiting.

PurposeDevelopmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) after walking age is difficult to treat. Dega pelvic osteotomy is combined with open reduction and femoral osteotomy to obtain concentric stable reduction with good coverage of the femoral head. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of the Dega osteotomy in the treatment of DDH in two different age groups.MethodsA total of 45 patients (52 hips) with a mean age of 3.9 years (1.2 to 12.8) were treated with open reduction, Dega osteotomy and femoral osteotomy. There were 38 dislocated and 14 subluxated hips. Bilateral DDH was observed in seven female patients. Radiographic parameters included acetabular index, centre-edge angle of Wiberg and migration percentage. The final radiographic outcome was evaluated according to the Severin classification.ResultsThe mean follow-up period was four years (3 to 9). According to the Severin criteria 78.8% were types I or II whereas 21.2% showed types III or IV. There was no statistically significant difference in final outcome between children less than three years of age and older children at the time of surgery.One hip in children with unilateral involvement had developed coxa magna, that interfered with hip concentricity. Three hips (5.8%) showed avascular necrosis of the femoral head.ConclusionDega osteotomy is a safe and adequate procedure for the management of developmental dysplasia of the hip in walking patients with low complication rates. Restoring the acetabulum to normal or nearly normal can result in good medium-term results.Level of EvidenceIII

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