Purpose To evaluate the retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) prevalence, risk factors and screening outcome in a tertiary hospital in Cairo, Egypt. Methods A prospective observational study was done in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Ain Shams University Hospital. A total of 159 premature infants were screened for ROP based on the most inclusive criteria reported to date. Screening included premature infants with gestational age (GA) of ≤34 weeks or birth weight (BW) of ≤2000 grams, or GA >34 weeks or BW >2000 grams, with multiple co-morbidities. The prevalence of ROP, plus disease and their correlation with risk factors of interest were studied. Results The GA of the included infants ranged from 27 to 36 weeks, mean (SD) 31.87 (± 1.81) weeks. The BW ranged from 640 to 3900 grams, mean (SD) 1784.71 (± 560.30) grams. The prevalence of ROP more than stage 0 was 25.8% (41 infants), 7.3% of the cases (11 infants) showed plus disease and 6.3% (10 infants) showed severe ROP requiring treatment. Of those, 2 cases (20%) fell outside the British Guideline’s criteria for Screening. There was a highly significant (p < 0.0001) correlation between ROP more than stage 0 and low GA, low BW, mechanical ventilation, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular haemorrhage, and blood transfusion. No significant correlation was found between appearance of ROP more than stage 0 and gender (p = 0.911), patent ductus arteriosus (p =0.187), or sepsis (p =0.998). Conclusion ROP is a significant problem in the premature infants in Egypt. Extremely premature infants with lower BW are more prone to develop ROP. However, cases with higher GA and BW than mentioned in the British guidelines screening criteria especially with multiple comorbidities showed severe ROP requiring intervention, which implies the need to develop a screening guideline for the Egyptian population.

Introduction & rationale: Recent theoretical and experimental work has focused on the changes of electro encephalographic waves in working memory and there has been particular interest in oscillations in the theta and alpha frequency bands. It is apparent that there are a lot of discrepancies among findings of different studies concerning EEG during memory tasks. Aim of the work: was to assess changes in the electric activity of the brain during working memory tasks. Subjects & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done in the EEG unit in Suez Canal University hospital to reveal the changes that occur in the electric activity of the brain during Sternberg memory task performance. 43 subjects volunteered to our study. They all underwent EEG recording during performance of a visual Sternberg memory task. This EEG record was compared to another baseline EEG record done before task performance to monitor the changes that occurred in the electric activity of the brain. Results: Analysis of the EEG waves in parietal temporal and occipital brain areas revealed that: There is significant difference between peak power frequency (PPF) before and during task performance. As PPF in the theta band was significantly more frequent during the task performance than before task performance (P< 0.05). While PPF at central electrodes, in most of the subjects, have no significant difference before and during task performance in the theta band. While theta waves are significantly more frequent during the task performance than before task performance at CZ (P< 0.05). There was a significant change in the Relative Power of beta1, beta 2 frequency band before and during task performance with P value<0.05. There was non-significant change in the Relative Power of other frequency bands before and during task performance (P>0.05). in addition the degree of task performance was strongly correlated with power of beta 1 and delta bands before task performance. Conclusions: We concluded that working memory task is reflected on the electric activity of the brain in the form of peak power frequency in the range of theta oscillations in parietal, occipital, temporal areas of the brain. There was a significant increase in the relative power of beta 1, beta 2 frequency bands during task performance. However, degree of task performance was strongly related to the relative powers of beta 1 and delta frequency bands before task performance.

Acoustic Rhinometry (AR) measures the relationship of the cross-sectional area and the distance into the nasal cavity. Great efforts have been done to validate and standardize its clinical use. Inspite of many researches done in Egypt by AR, there are no normal National Egyptian Physiological gold standards of MCA, DMCA and NCV like many other countries. This study was carried out to establish local reference values for AR parameters in healthy normal adults. One hundred and thirty healthy volunteer students of the Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University in the age range from 18 to 24 years, who were free from any nasal problems by history and examination, were subjected to AR testing in the