The estimation of p53 and CD31 could be used as good tools to assess the grade, prognosis, and aggressiveness of the astroglial tumors. Thus, the two markers can be used as adjunct to the diagnosis and stratification of the high grade from the low-grade intrinsic brain astrogliomas.

Background and aim: Thyroid gland carcinoma is a very prevalent neoplasia worldwide. The majority of malignant and benign lesions of the thyroid can be cytologically established. However, to distinguish between malignant and benign lesions histological demonstration is often required for a precise diagnosis. The aim of this study is to detect the ability of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and to differentiate between thyroid malignant and non-malignant thyroid nodules. Methods: 50 formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks of different thyroid lesions were previously diagnosed and were sectioned at 3-4 μ thick and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain to confirm the histopathologic diagnosis, assess the subtypes of the lesions and assess the histopathologic grading and then were subjected to galectin-3 (Gal-3) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) immunostaining. Results: In this retrospective histologic study, galectin-3 had a sensitivity of 93.3% for papillary thyroid carcinoma and 50% for follicular thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) had a sensitivity of 60% for papillary and 12.5% for follicular carcinoma. The combination of galectin-3 and TPO had a sensitivity of 100% for papillary and 50% for follicular carcinoma. Conclusion: This study confirms previous observations that galectin-3 alone is highly sensitive for papillary carcinoma but not adequately sensitive for follicular carcinoma. The combination of galectin-3 and TPO is complementary as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for patients with papillary carcinoma.

Background: Prostatic adenocarcinoma is the 2 nd most common cancer in males. It is important to differentiate between prostatic adenocarcinoma and its benign mimickers with novel and reliable immunohistochemical markers for early diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma, (6-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate (STEAP1), C-myc and basal cell marker P63 can be helpful in distinguishing prostatic adenocarcinoma from benign lesions. The aim of this study is to diagnose prostatic adenocarcinoma and differentiate it from its benign mimickers using STEAP1, C-myc and P63 immunoexpression and toevaluate the role of STEAP1 overexpression in prostate cancer initiation and progression. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma, 8 cases of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and 18 cases of benign prostatic mimickers. All lesions were submitted for STEAP1, C-myc and P63 immunohistochemistry and the results were correlated with clinicopathological and histopathological parameters. Results: P63, STEAP1 and C-myc showed highly significant difference in expression in prostatic adenocarcinoma in relation to its benign mimickers (p-value<0.001). STEAP1 immunoexpression was significantly associated with Gleason score, grade grouping and perineural invasion of prostatic adenocarcinoma (p-value <0.05). Positive STEAP1 and Cmyc expression along with negative P63 showed high sensitivity (80.0%, 85.0% and 95.0%) respectively and considerable specificity (86.9%, 73.1% and 96.2%) respectively for differentiating between prostatic adenocarcinoma and its benign mimickers. Conclusion: STEAP1, C-myc and P63 immunoexpression was helpful in differentiation between prostatic adenocarcinoma and benign mimickers. STEAP1 may have a valuable prognostic role in prostatic adenocarcinoma.