Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)/Copper Chloride (PVA/CuCl and 20 wt% of CuCl 2 . UV-Vis spectrum of these composites is investigated in the range of 200 spectrum of PVA showed an absorption band at 278.18 nm and a small shoulder at 313.09 nm and are assigned to  * transition, respectively. On the other hand, the spectra of the PVA/CuCl resonance (SPR) band in the visible band at 778.07 nm. Moreover, it is observed that, the absorption edge of composite samples is red shifted. Also, pure PVA showed an which decreased to 3.48 and 3.92 eV after CuCl also observed that nonlinear optical parameters such as thi refractive index (n 2 ) are influenced by CuCl These results are very encouraging for possible applications constant ( ' ), dielectric loss ( '' ) and photoconductivity have been investigated

In this study, mononuclear Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) chelates of the potentially tridentate O, N, S donor ligand (E)-4-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-(3-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)methylene) thiosemicarbazide (H 2 L) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectral analysis, thermal thermogravimetric analyses, cyclic voltammetry, and theoretical density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) studies. The potential donors O (phenolic) and N (azomethine) are found in a syn configuration due to a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond [O-H …. N(1)] as shown in the 1 H NMR spectrum of the free ligand. In addition, analytical results revealed the formation of the metal chelates in a ligand-to-metal molar ratio of 1:1. The organic ligand (H 2 L) coordinated to the metal center through azomethine nitrogen, phenolate oxygen, and thione/thiolate sulfur groups with the formation of a five-and six-membered rings. The magnetic and spectral results supported the formation of tetrahedral geometry around the Co(II) and Ni(II) centers, while Cu(II) centers were assumed to have a square planar geometry. The time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculation outputs were used to expect and explain the experimental bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts resulting from the ligand chelation. The antibacterial activity of the compounds under study was evaluated in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli demonstrating Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. It was found that among synthesized compounds, Cu(II) chelate 5 showed the most inhibitory activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative

The present study was carried out to explore the possible role of kinetin and gibberellic acid (GA3) on faba bean under chromium (Cr) stress. Cr treatment negatively affected growth and biomass production, reduced photosynthetic pigments, and inhibited photosynthesis, gas exchange parameters, antioxidant enzymes, and the glyoxylase cycle. Moreover, Cr stress enhanced the production of malondialdehyde (MDA, 216.11%) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 230.16%), electrolyte leakage (EL, 293.30%), and the accumulation of proline and glycine betaine. Exogenous application of kinetin and GA3 increased growth and biomass, improved pigment contents and photosynthesis, as well as up-regulated the antioxidant system by improving the antioxidant enzyme activities and the content of nonenzymatic components, and the glyoxylase cycle. Additionally, kinetin and GA3 application displayed a considerable enhancement in proline (602.61%) and glycine betaine (423.72), which help the plants to maintain water balance under stress. Furthermore, a decline in Cr uptake was also observed due to kinetin and GA3 application. Exogenous application of kinetin and GA3 ameliorated the toxic effects of Cr in faba bean plants, up-shooting the tolerance mechanisms, including osmolyte metabolism and the antioxidant system.

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