Understanding the dynamics of caregiving is essential to providing effective support to individuals and families living with serious mental illnesses. Yet, research in this area has typically explored caregiving without consulting mentally ill people. This paper adds this overlooked viewpoint by exploring the experience of care relationships by people diagnosed with schizophrenia. A secondary analysis of interview data from 21 individuals reveals that relevant dimensions of care relationships include: providers of care; types of care received; self-care; contested practices in care; negotiating practices; recipients of care; and types of care provided to other people. Addressing care within this broader conceptualization can contribute to developing interventions for individuals and families that more fully recognize the potential for people with mental illnesses to be active participants in care relationships.

IntroductionThe prevalence of Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) in the Western world has generated considerable discussion regarding best practices in the outpatient treatment of the seriously mentally ill. Although problems encountered by ethnic minority communities in the various health care systems have been studied to some degree, there is an acute dearth of information on the effects of CTOs on minority individuals. This paper presents findings from research on the lived experiences of individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds who have been the subjects of CTOs in Toronto, Canada, and their perceptions of its impact on their lives.MethodsUsing a qualitative phenomenological approach, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals who have experienced CTOs. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants (n = 24) from ethnic minority background in Toronto, Canada.ResultsParticipants perceived both positive and negative impacts of CTOs. The positives included affirmation of experiences with the mental health system; improved rapport with the case management and clinical team, increased medication compliance and feelings of empowerment. The negative feedback included feelings of being coerced and the stigma associated with it.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that although CTOs are not a panacea for every mental health problem, they can be effective with a specific group who choose to follow through with the expectations of the treatment. The author, however argues that for these individuals to be on a CTO before getting better treatment, brings to the fore a number of issues with the mental health system. This is particularly concerning as it pertains to individuals of ethnic minority background.

The authors examine treatment and society's perception of mental illness through the lenses of stigma, discrimination and social exclusion, and human rights. We argue that being diagnosed with mental illness in a developing country has a significant impact on virtually every area of one's life. The challenges faced by individuals with mental illness in Ghana are due to the prevailing culture and societal practices that tend to stigmatize, discriminate, and socially exclude these individuals from living normal lives. The lack of resources and political will continue to compound this problem. The paper argues for the importance of embracing individual, cultural and institutional training and change in attitudes, perceptions, and funding of services to address these issues of mental illness.

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The literature review identifies and examines human rights violations experienced by individuals with mental illness on a global level. In addition, the intent is to explore how current legislation either reinforces or supports these violations. The authors conducted an extensive review of the existing literature on mental health and human rights violations. Keywords were used to exhaust databases on this subject matter and to collect data, interpretations, and government publications on mental health and human rights. Individuals with mental illness are experiencing human rights violations on a global scale both within and outside of psychiatric institutions. These violations include denial of employment, marriage, procreation, and education; malnutrition; physical abuse; and negligence. This information was reviewed and compiled into the following article, along with interpretations of current implications and suggestions for future research. It is evident that more supports need to be instilled, especially within the context of low-and middle-income countries lacking adequate staffing and accessible services. Furthermore, legislation needs to be modified, updated, or created with relevant systems in place to make these laws enforceable.