Objectives We investigated the clinical anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial efficacy of Nigella Sativa oil compared with chlorhexidine in patients with gingivitis assessing clinical parameters and gingival IL-6 and IL-18 levels and supra-gingival plaque analysis to determine if Nigella Sativa oil is comparable in efficacy to chlorhexidine and if it could be used for treating gingivitis. Materials and Methods A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted in patients having chronic generalized gingivitis. Patients were randomly assigned to Group 1: Nigella sativa oil (NS) (n = 18) or Group 2: chlorhexidine (CHX) (n = 19). GCF and plaque samples were collected on day 0 and day 15. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and gingival IL-6 and IL-18 levels were measured. Colony-forming units (CFU) were quantified from plaque cultures, and α-hemolytic streptococcus strains were identified. Results CHX and NS reduced PI and GI scores (p < 0.0001). NS was better at reducing gingival IL-6 (p = 0.0076) than CHX (p = 0.145). Neither NS (p = 0.284) or CHX (p = 0.418) reduced IL-18 levels. There was no difference in the post-intervention PI and GI scores and inflammatory cytokine levels between treatments. Both NS and CHX caused a significant reduction in the CFU (p < 0.0001) and a reduction of pathogenic bacteria; S. mitis, S. oralis, S. sanguinis, and S. parasanguinis in 50% of CHX patients (p = 0.1031) and 20% of NS patients (p = 0.7395). Conclusions NS demonstrated comparable efficacy to CHX at reducing clinical parameters. Clinical Relevance: NS may be an alternative therapeutic option in treating gingivitis.

Background:The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of tissues destroyed by periodontal disease Fibronectin belongs to a group of high molecular weight glycoproteins that exist on cell surfaces. It is known to play a role in cell-to-cell and cell-to-substrate adhesion, as well as an essential role in osseointegration due to its capacity to make osteoblasts attach to the extracellular matrix(ECM) components. Combination of Fibronectin and commercially available bone grafts may hold a promising potential of enhanced bone regeneration.Objective: Comparison of the effect of fibronectin, Bovine-Derived Xenograft (BDX)and their combination for socket preservation through histologic and histomorphometric analysis.Material and Method: Thirty six clinically healthy adult New Zealand white male rabbits, were used in this study. The animals were equally divided into three groups; I-control group (defect was left empty as control), II-bio group (bio-oss was applied on the socket ) and III-( Bio Fibro group) bone and fibronectin group( socket was filled with Bovine-Derived Xenograft Bio-Oss® with fibronectin). At 4 and eight weeks the animals were sacrificed. Bone regeneration among the three groups was evaluated through histologic and histomorphometric analysis. Results:The most significant value of area percent of newly formed bone was observed in the (bone and fibronectin) group, then the fibronectin group, with the least amount recorded in the control group. The difference was extremely statistically significant (p<0.0001). The socket is almost filled with newly formed bone trabeculae with organized fibrous tissue in the fibronectin and bone group ( Bio Fibro group ) at eight weeks. Conclusion:Fibronectin is a useful biomaterial for the enhancement of bone formation. Combination of fibronectin and bovine graft seems to lead significantly to favorable bone regeneration and could be efficaciously used in the socket preservation.