Background: Obesity is increasing in parallel with greater all-day food availability. The latter may promote meal irregularity, dysregulation of the energy balance, and poor metabolic health. Objective: We investigated the effect of meal irregularity on the thermic effect of food (TEF), lipid concentrations, carbohydrate metabolism, subjective appetite, and gut hormones in healthy women. Design: Eleven normal-weight women (18-40 y of age) were recruited in a randomized crossover trial with two 14-d isoenergetic diet periods (identical foods provided and free living) that were separated by a 14-d habitual diet washout period. In period 1, participants followed a regular meal pattern (6 meals/d) or an irregular meal pattern (3-9 meals/d), and in period 2, the alternative meal pattern was followed. Before and after each period, when participants were fasting and for 3 h after intake of a test drink, measurements were taken of energy expenditure, circulating glucose, lipids (fasting only), insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and ghrelin. An ad libitum test meal was offered. Subjective appetite ratings were assessed while fasting, after the test drink, after the ad libitum meal, and during the intervention. Continuous interstitial glucose monitoring was undertaken for 3 consecutive days during each intervention, and the ambulatory activity pattern was recorded (ambulatory energy expenditure estimation). Results: Regularity was associated with a greater TEF (P , 0.05) and a lower incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose after intake of the test drink (over 3 h) and, for some identical meals, during the 2 interventions (over 90 min) (day 7: after breakfast; day 9: after lunch and dinner). There was no difference between treatments for the test-drink gut hormone response. A time effect was noted for fasting GLP-1, fasting PYY, PYY responses, and hunger-rating responses to the test drink (P , 0.05). Lower hunger and higher fullness ratings were seen premeal and postmeal during the regular period while subjects were free living. Conclusion: Meal regularity appears to be associated with greater TEF and lower glucose responses, which may favor weight management and metabolic health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02052076.Am J Clin Nutr 2016;104:21-32.
ObjectiveAdequate sleep is an important factor for maintaining good health among children. However, there have been few studies reporting on the association of sleep duration with breakfast intake frequency. This study examined the prevalence of nocturnal sleep duration among Saudi children and its association with breakfast intake, screen time, physical activity levels and socio-demographic variables.MethodsA multistage stratified cluster random sampling technique was used to select 1051 elementary school children in Riyadh. Weight and height were measured and body mass index was computed. The sleep duration, daily breakfast intake frequency, socio-demographic and lifestyle behaviors were assessed using a specifically designed self-reported questionnaire filled by the children’s parents.ResultsOver 71% of the Saudi school children did not attain the recommended sufficient sleep duration at night. Results of logistic regression analysis, adjusted for confounders, exhibited significant associations between longer sleep duration and younger age (aOR=1.12, p=0.046), being female (aOR=1.39, p=0.037), higher father educational levels, daily breakfast intake (aOR=1.44, p=0.049) and lower screen time (aOR for >2 hrs/day=0.69, p=0.033). However, no significant (p> 0.05) association was found for mother education, family income, number of family member in the house, overweight/obesity, or physical activity levels.ConclusionThe prevalence of insufficient nocturnal sleep among Saudi children was high. Insufficient sleep was associated with breakfast and several important socio-demographic and lifestyle behaviors. The findings of this study support the development of interventions to prevent insufficient sleep and help Saudi children improve their sleeping habits.
Background Breakfast is an important meal that provides essential nutrients and energy. However, few comprehensive studies have reported breakfast habits and related behaviors among Saudi children. This study investigated breakfast consumption patterns and the associations of socio-demographic variables with daily breakfast intake among Saudi children. Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling technique was used to select 1051 elementary school boys and girls in Riyadh. Body weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was computed. The breakfast eating habits and behaviors were assessed using a specifically designed self-reported questionnaire that was completed by the children’s parents. Results More than 79% of children skipped daily breakfast, with no significant sex difference. Children in private schools consumed breakfast more frequently than those attending public schools. Multivariate analyses showed that boys in private schools had a significantly higher intake of breakfast than that in boys in public schools, yet, boys in public schools had significantly higher BMI than boys in private schools. Using logistic regression while adjusting for confounders showed insignificant effect for parent education. Among breakfast eaters, spread cheese sandwiches were consumed most frequently, followed by fried egg sandwiches and breakfast cereals. Full-fat milk, tea with milk, water, and fruit juice were the most consumed drinks. Girls consumed significantly more fresh fruits during breakfast than did boys. Mothers prepared breakfast at home most of the time (84.5%). Parents appeared mostly satisfied with the breakfast consumed by their child at home and placed high importance on breakfast compared to lunch or dinner. Conclusions The proportion of school children who ate daily breakfast at home was low, which may have implications for children’s school performance. Effort is needed to promote daily breakfast consumption among Saudi school children and to introduce appropriate interventions aimed at promoting daily breakfast consumption among Saudi children.
Background: A proportion of cases with repeated abortion are caused by chromosomal abnormality in one of the parents. Several studies have been done to determine the role of chromosomal abnormalities in couples with repeated fetal loss in various countries. None of these studies was done in the Arab Peninsula. Material and Methods: Cytogenetic study was done for 193 consecutive Saudi couples who presented with repeated abortion at the King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: We found that the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities was not significantly different from that reported worldwide. The nature of those abnormalities and their relation to the obstetric history of cases were discussed. Approximately 15%-20% of clinically recognizable pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion. Conclusion1,2 The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in those abortions is as high as 50%.3 A modest but clinically important proportion of spontaneous abortions is caused by a balanced chromosomal aberration in one of the parents. [4][5][6][7][8] This results from the production of gametes and embryos with unbalanced chromosome sets.9,10 The clinical consequences of such abnormal gametes include sterility, repeated abortions, and giving birth to malformed children. 11,12Several studies have been done in various countries to determine the contribution of chromosome abnormalities in parents with fetal wastage. 13 To our knowledge, no such studies have been done in the Arabian Peninsula. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and nature of chromosomal aberrations that contribute to the occurrence of repeated abortions in Saudi Arabia. This should assist physicians in Saudi Arabia and other neighboring countries by increasing their awareness of the frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in cases with repeated abortions. It also provides figures for comparison with other countries and research centers. Materials and MethodsThis study included all Saudi couples with repeated abortions who were referred for cytogenetic studies between December 1994 and December 1998 at King Khalid University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All cases were ascertained to have had two or more spontaneous abortions. Couples who were referred because of having previous children with congenital anomalies and abortions were not included in the study. The obstetric history of couples was either recorded on the request form or retrieved from the files of patients.For routine cytogenetic analysis, 0.3 mL of peripheral blood was incubated in complete lymphocyte culture medium (10% fetal bovine serum in RPMI 1640, with 0.15% phytohemagglutinin and 1% Penstrept in 5% CO 2 incubator at 37°C for three days). Metaphases were harvested by adding colcemid for 20 minutes, followed by hypotonic KCl treatment for 5 minutes and fixation, using standard 3:1 methanol-acetic fixative (all the reagents were from GIBCO Life Technologies Ltd., Paisley, Scotland). The high-resolution study was done by synchronization, using methotrexate (10 -7 M...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.